Explanation

• Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere, especially weather and climate.
• It involves forecasting and understanding atmospheric phenomena.
• Meteorology is a branch of the atmospheric sciences.
• Metrology is the scientific study of measurement.

Last verified on 03-04-2026

Explanation

• Diamond is a naturally occurring allotropic form of carbon.
  • Allotropy means a single element can exist in more than one form with different structures and properties.
  • It is extremely hard.
  • It has a high melting point.
  • It is widely used in jewelry and cutting tools.

Additional information:

• Graphite – soft, good conductor
• Fullerenes (C60) – spherical molecules
• Carbon nanotubes – tubular, high strength
• Amorphous carbon – coal, soot
• Lonsdaleite – hexagonal diamond

Last verified on 17-01-2026

Explanation

• Vitamin D is essential for healthy bones.
  • Its deficiency leads to Rickets in children and Osteomalacia in adults. 
  • Sunlight is the best natural source of Vitamin D.

Additional information:

Deficiency effects:

• Bone pain
• Weak bones
• Skeletal deformities

Other Vitamin Deficiencies:

• Vitamin A: Night blindness
• Vitamin C: Scurvy
• Vitamin B7 (Biotin): Hair fall

Last verified on 17-01-2026

Explanation

Radioactivity was discovered by Henri Becquerel in 1896.

They discovered radioactivity proving that the uranium emitted radiation without an external source of energy such as the Sun

Marie Curie with her husband Pierre Curie, coined the term radioactivity.

In 1903, Henry Becquerel shared the Nobel Prize for Physics with Pierre and Marie Curie

Ernest Rutherford did many experiments studying the properties of radioactive decay (alpha, beta, and gamma)

Explanation

Indonesia is known as a volcano-rich country

Indonesia has a great number of volcanoes in the world

Indonesia has around 130 active volcanoes

In Indonesia, more than 70% of the population live within 100km of one or more of the country's 130 active volcanoes

Indonesia is located on the Pacific Ring of Fire

while 

Mauna Loa is still the largest ACTIVE volcano on Earth

Explanation

• On 9 June, 2017 India and Pakistan became full members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO).
• The SCO Headquarters: Beijing, China
• The SCO Founded: June 15, 2001
• The SCO currently comprises of nine Members States (China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Iran and Uzbekistan), four Observer States

Explanation

World Wide Web (WWW)

World-Wide Web Worm (WWWW)

English scientist Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web in 1989.

WWW Birthplace CERN near Geneva, Switzerland.

The browser was released to the general public in August 1991.

Explanation

Greenland is the world's largest island.

Greenland is an island country in North America

Area: 2.131 million km²

Max width: 1,050 km

Home to 56,000 people, Greenland has its own extensive local government

Greenland is part of the Kingdom of Denmark.

Greenland is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

***

Nauru is the first smallest island in the world

Explanation

• Iran border is 909 KM long.
• It is located in the west.

The list of Pakistan's borders:

• India to the east.
• Iran to the west.
• Afghanistan to the northwest.
• China to the northeast.
• Arabian Sea to the south.

Explanation

A nanometer (nm) is equal to one-billionth of a meter, written in scientific notation as 1 × 10⁻⁹ m or 0.000000001 meters.

It is commonly used to measure objects at the atomic and molecular scale.