Explanation

• Diamond is a naturally occurring allotropic form of carbon.
• Allotropy means a single element can exist in more than one form with different structures and properties.
• It is extremely hard.
• It has a high melting point.
• It is widely used in jewelry and cutting tools.

Additional information:

• Graphite – soft, good conductor
• Fullerenes (C60) – spherical molecules
• Carbon nanotubes – tubular, high strength
• Amorphous carbon – coal, soot
• Lonsdaleite – hexagonal diamond

Last verified on 17-01-2026

Explanation

• The Indus Waters Treaty was signed on September 19, 1960, in Karachi.
• It was signed between Pakistan (President Ayub Khan) and India (Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru).
• It was brokered by the World Bank.

It became effective on April 1, 1960.

• Western Rivers (given to Pakistan): Indus, Jhelum, Chenab
• Eastern Rivers (given to India): Ravi, Beas, Sutlej

Last verified on 30-03-2026

Explanation

• First Introduced: 1933 by Chaudhary Rahmat Ali.
• Pamphlet: Titled "Now or Never" meaning Are We to Live or Perish Forever?

Additional information:

• First Use of Pakistan: Word appeared for the first time in this pamphlet.
• Based On: Two-nation theory of Syed Ahmed Khan.

Regions Represented (Pakistan):

1. Punjab
2. Afghanistan
3. Kashmir
4. Sindh
5. Baluchistan

Last verified on 24-03-2026

Explanation

• The first major organized movement against British rule was the Swadeshi Movement.
• It started in 1905 after the Partition of Bengal.
• People boycotted British goods and promoted local products.

Additional information:

• Khilafat Movement – 1919–1924
• Non-Cooperation Movement – 1920–1922
• Quit India Movement – 1942

Last verified on 01-05-2026

Explanation

• Author: J. K. Rowling
• Full Name: Joanne Rowling
• Born: 1965
• Birth Place: United Kingdom
• Profession: Author, Screenwriter
• Harry Potter series has 7 main books.
• First book: Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (1997).

Last verified on 04-04-2026

Explanation

• Nelson Mandela became the first Black President of South Africa on 10 May 1994.
• He served as president until 1999.
• He was imprisoned in 1962.
• He spent 27 years in prison.
• Nelson Mandela International Day is celebrated on 18 July.
• He died on 5 December 2013.

Last verified on 03-06-2026

Explanation

• The dragon is a national symbol of China.
• In Chinese culture, the dragon represents power, strength, and good fortune.
• It is a mythical creature deeply linked with Chinese history and emperors.

Last verified on 03-06-2026

Explanation

• Mustard gas (Sulfur Mustard) was widely used as a chemical weapon in World War I (1914–1918).
• It was first introduced by Germany in July 1917.
• It causes severe burns, blisters, and damage to the eyes and lungs.
• It was used during the Third Battle of Ypres.

Last verified on 03-06-2026

Explanation

• STN (Shalimar Television Network) is considered the first private/independent TV channel in Pakistan.
• It started broadcasting in 1990 from Islamabad.
• It was originally launched as People’s Television Network (PTN).
• It broke the monopoly of state-owned PTV in Pakistan.

Last verified on 03-06-2026

Explanation

• “Cutting Edge: My Autobiography” is written by Javed Miandad.
• The book covers his journey from Karachi streets to international cricket fame.
• It was co-authored with Dr. Saad Shafqat.

Last verified on 03-06-2026