Explanation

• Timely or proper harvesting ensures maximum seed quality and viability.
• Harvesting too early or too late can reduce germination and seed health.
• Proper timing is crucial for seed production.

Last verified on 30-01-2026

Explanation

• Diffusion → Process of spreading new ideas or innovations.
• Adoption → Process of farmers accepting and using these innovations.
• Both are key components of agricultural extension.

Last verified on 30-01-2026

Explanation

• T & V stands for Training & Visit.
• It is an agricultural extension system used to improve farmers’ skills.
• The system focuses on regular training of extension workers and farm visits.

Additional information:

• Introduced by: World Bank
• Main Purpose: Transfer of modern farming techniques to farmers

Last verified on 19-01-2026

Explanation

• Procedure demonstration shows how a task is performed.
• Result demonstration shows the final outcome.
• Together, they show both the method and the result of the task.

Last verified on 30-01-2026

Explanation

• Leguminous crops (e.g., beans, peas, lentils) have root nodules with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
• These bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form usable by plants.

Additional information:

• Legumes improve protein content in food as well.
• Helps reduce dependence on synthetic nitrogen fertilizers.

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

• Zarkhaiz Pakistan is a program on Radio Pakistan aimed at farmers.
• It provides agriculture tips, market updates, and farming advice.

Additional information:

• Covers topics like crop diseases, fertilizers, and modern techniques.
• Helps farmers improve crop production and income.

Last verified on 30-01-2026

Explanation

• Wheat cultivars are developed to suit different environmental conditions.
• Inqlab is a drought-tolerant wheat variety, suitable for barani (rainfed) areas.

Additional information:

• Inqlab matures in short to medium duration (~110–115 days).
• It is resistant to rust diseases, making it ideal for rainfed farming.

Last verified on 24-01-2026

Explanation

• Farm management deals with the planning and efficient use of farm resources.
• Its main aim is to increase income and reduce unnecessary costs.

Additional information:

• Farm management focuses on optimum use of land, labor, and capital.
• It helps farmers make better decisions.

Last verified on 30-01-2026

Explanation

• Saline-sodic and sodic soils have excess sodium, which harms soil structure and crop growth.
• These soils require chemical amendments to replace sodium with calcium.
• Gypsum, sulfur, and sulfuric acid are commonly used for reclamation.

Additional information:

Amendments used for sodic soil reclamation:

• Gypsum – supplies calcium directly
• Sulfur – converts into sulfuric acid in soil
• Sulfuric acid – reacts with calcium carbonate
• Pyrite – slow-release sulfur source
• Organic matter – improves soil structure

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

• Seed treatment involves applying chemicals or bio-agents to seeds before sowing.
• It helps protect seeds from fungi, bacteria, and viruses, ensuring healthy germination.

Additional information:

• Treated seeds germinate uniformly and reduce early crop losses, improving overall yield.

Last verified on 27-01-2026