Explanation

• Harappa was an Indus civilization urban centre.
• It lies in Punjab Province, Pakistan, on an old bank/bed of the River Ravi. 
• Harappa was the first site of the civilization to be excavated in 1921.
• The excavation team was led by Daya Ram Sahni.

Last verified on 25-06-2026

Explanation

• The area between the Jhelum and Chenab rivers is called Chaj Doab.
• The word Doab means the land between two rivers.

Chenab River:

• Originates from the Himalayan region of Himachal Pradesh, India.
• Enters Pakistan through Jammu and Kashmir.

Jhelum River:

• Originates from Verinag Spring, Jammu and Kashmir.
• Joins the Chenab River at Trimmu, Pakistan.

1. Bari Doab – Between Beas and Ravi
2. Bist Jalandhar Doab – Between Beas and Sutlej
3. Rachna Doab – Between Ravi and Chenab
4. Chaj Doab – Between Chenab and Jhelum
5. Sind Sagar Doab – Between Indus and Jhelum

Last verified on 25-06-2026

Explanation

Explanation

• Headquarters: Washington, D.C., USA
• Founded: 27 December 1945
• Members: 190 countries
• Official language: English
• Purpose: Global financial stability & loans support

Last verified on 24-06-2026

Explanation

• Holy Prophet was born in 571 A.D 22nd April (Day-Monday).
• Mother: Amina
• Father: Abdullah
• Family: Quraish
• Born: Makkah
• Died: 632 AD

Last verified on 12-06-2026

Explanation

• Voter minimum age: 18 years
• Citizenship: Citizen of Pakistan required
• Electoral requirement: Name included in electoral roll
• Relevant law: Article 51/51A & Election laws of Pakistan

Additional information:

• MNA (National Assembly member): Minimum 25 years
• Senator: Minimum 30 years
• President of Pakistan: Minimum 45 years

Last verified on 24-06-2026

Explanation

1962 Constitution

• System: Presidential System
• Introduced by: General Ayub Khan
• Legislature: National Assembly + Provincial Assemblies
• Election system: Indirect (Basic Democracies)

Additional information:

1956 Constitution

• System: Parliamentary System
• Head of State: President (ceremonial)
• Head of Government: Prime Minister

1973 Constitution

• Head of Government: Prime Minister (executive authority)
• System: Parliamentary System (Federal Parliamentary Democracy)
• Head of State: President (ceremonial role)

Last verified on 23-06-2026

Explanation

• ROM (Read Only Memory) is a non-volatile storage device.
• It stores data permanently even without power.

Additional information:

• RAM (Random Access Memory) is a volatile storage device.
• It loses data when power is off.

Last verified on 17-06-2026

Explanation

• First Governor: Zahid Husain
• Term: June 1948 – July 1953

Additional information:

• First Female Governor: Dr. Shamshad Akhtar
• Year of Female Governor Appointment: 2006
• Headquarters: Karachi, Pakistan

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

• Solar plates consist of photovoltaic (PV) cells.
• PV cells convert sunlight directly into electrical energy.
• These cells work on the photovoltaic effect. 
• They are usually made of semiconductor materials like silicon.

Additional information:

• Discovered photovoltaic effect: 1839 by Edmond Becquerel

Common types of solar cells:

1. Monocrystalline silicon cells
2. Polycrystalline silicon cells
3. Thin-film solar cells

Last verified on 23-06-2026