Explanation

• Captain Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed was the first soldier to be awarded the Nishan-e-Haider
• Born: 10 November 1910, Singhori village, Rawalpindi District
• Died: 27 July 1948 (aged 37), Uri, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
• Buried: Hill of Tilpatra near Uri, Jammu and Kashmir in India
• Service years: 1929–1948
• Allegiance
• British India (1929–1947)
• Pakistan (1947–1948)

Nishan-e-Haider has been awarded to 11 soldiers since Pakistan's independence in 1947.

1. Captain Muhammad Sarwar (1948, Kashmir)
2. Naik Saif Ali Janjua (1948, Kashmir)
3. Major Tufail Muhammad (1958, East Pakistan)
4. Major Raja Aziz Bhatti (1965, Indo-Pak War)
5. Pilot Officer Rashid Minhas (1971, Indo-Pak War)
6. Major Muhammad Akram (1971, Indo-Pak War)
7. Major Shabbir Sharif (1971, Indo-Pak War)
8. Sowar Muhammad Hussain (1971, Indo-Pak War)
9. Lance Naik Muhammad Mahfuz (1971, Indo-Pak War)
10. Captain Karnal Sher Khan (1999, Kargil War)
11. Havildar Lalak Jan (1999, Kargil War)

Explanation

Wilhelm Wundt was a German physiologist. 

He is known as one of the fathers of modern psychology.

He was the first person to call himself a psychologist.

First Psychology Lab (1879): At the University of Leipzig, he created the first dedicated laboratory

Born: 16 August 1832,  German Confederation

Died: 31 August 1920 (aged 88), Saxony, Germany

Education: University of Heidelberg (MD, 1856)

Known for:

• Experimental psychology
• Cultural psychology
• Apperception

Explanation

Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire, originally came from the Fergana Valley, 

It is a region in Central Asia that is part of modern-day Uzbekistan.

He was a Timurid prince

First Mughal king, 1526-1530.

Babar ruled India from 1526 to 1530.

Babar was the first Mughal king to rule India.

Descended from Timur (father's side) and Genghis Khan (mother's side). 

Explanation

The word “Mesopotamia” means “between rivers” and comes from the ancient Greek words meso, meaning “between” or “in the middle of”, and potamos, meaning “river”

Explanation

Explanation

Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, was the eighth Umayyad caliph.

He made various significant contributions and reforms to the society, and he has been described as and was called the first Mujaddid and sixth righteous caliph of Islam after Hasan Bin Ali according to some Muslim Scholars.

Explanation

The blue whale, a marine mammal in the suborder of baleen whales.

It is the largest known animal to have ever existed.

It measuring up to 30 meters (98 feet) in length and weighing 180 metric tons (200 short tons) or more.

Explanation

The Arabian Sea is a region of the northern Indian Ocean. It is bordered by other countries and bodies of water as follows:

• West: The Arabian Peninsula, Gulf of Aden, and Guardafui Channel
• East: India
• South: The Maldives and Laccadive Sea
• Southwest: Somalia 

Explanation

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre took place on 13 April 1919

In Jallianwala Bagh massacre killing at least 379 people and injuring over 1,200 other people.

Jallianwala Bagh is a historic garden close to the Golden Temple complex in Amritsar, Punjab, India

By General Reginald Dyer order did the massacre take place in Jallianwala Bagh

 It is managed by the Jallianwala Bagh National Memorial Trust and was renovated between 2019 and 2021****

nd9-2-2023

Explanation

• The movement lasted from 1919 to 1924 AD
• Ended after the abolition of the Caliphate.
• It was a Religio-Political movement.
• It aimed to protect the Ottoman Caliphate after World War I.
• It was mainly led by the Ali Brothers.
• Major leaders were Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar and Shaukat Ali.

Last question by NA on 26 April 2026