Explanation

• Two oxygen atoms share two pairs of electrons.
• This creates a double covalent bond.
• Each oxygen atom achieves a stable outer electron configuration.

Last verified on 07-11-2026

Explanation

• Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons.
• The highest electronegativity value is for fluorine (F), which is 3.98 on the Pauling scale.

Last verified on 07-11-2026

Explanation

• Noble gases like helium, neon, and argon are placed in Group VIII (Group 18 in modern IUPAC numbering).
• They are inert.
• They have a full outer electron shell.
• It making them stable and unreactive.

Last verified on 07-11-2026

Explanation

The formula to calculate max electrons in an orbit is 2n², where n = orbit number.

1. 1st orbit (n = 1): 2 × 1² = 2 electrons
2. 2nd orbit (n = 2): 2 × 2² = 8 electrons
3. For the 3rd orbit (n = 3): 2 × 3² = 18 electrons

Last verified on 07-11-2026

Explanation

• Sir James Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932.
• He was a British physicist.
• His discovery completed the basic picture of the atomic nucleus.
• He received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1935 for this discovery.

Additional information:

• J. J. Thomson – Electron (1897)
• Ernest Rutherford – Atomic nucleus (1911) and Proton (1917)

Last updated by NA on 05-11-2026