Explanation

• Caliph Umar (R.A.) introduced the system of salaries and allowances for Muslim soldiers.
• Caliphate: 634–644 AD (13–23 AH)
• Administrative Reform: Diwan (State Register)
• Capital: Madinah

Additional information:

• Hazrat Umar (R.A.) also established the Bayt-ul-Mal (State Treasury) to manage state finances.
• He introduced the Hijri Calendar in 638 AD (17 AH)

Last verified on 19-07-2026

Explanation

• Hazrat Umar (RA) was given the title "Al-Farooq" because he distinguished between truth and falsehood.
• Al-Farooq means "the one who distinguishes between right and wrong."
• Second Caliph: 634–644 AD (13–23 AH)
• Predecessor: Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)
• Successor: Hazrat Uthman (RA)

Last verified on 19-07-2026

Explanation

• Hazrat Umar (R.A.) started the practice of offering Tarawih prayers in congregation during Ramadan.
• This was organized in 14 AH during his Caliphate.
• He gathered the Muslims behind Hazrat Ubayy ibn Ka'b (R.A.) as the Imam.
• Tarawih is a Sunnah Mu'akkadah (Emphasized Sunnah).
• It is offered after Isha and before Witr during the month of Ramadan.

Last verified on 18-07-2026

Explanation

• Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA) established the system of Bait-ul-Mal.
• He appointed Abdullah ibn Masud (RA) as its custodian.
• Bait-ul-Mal means the House of Wealth / Public Treasury.
• It was used to manage Islamic state finances.
• This system ensured fair distribution of resources.

Last verified on 27-04-2026

Explanation

1. Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A.) → First Caliph (632–634 CE)
2. Hazrat Umar (R.A.) → Second Caliph (634–644 CE)
3. Hazrat Usman (R.A.) → Third Caliph (644–656 CE)
4. Hazrat Ali (R.A.) → Fourth Caliph (656–661 CE)

Last verified on 30-06-2026