Explanation

• Alpha particles have high ionizing power.
• Because they are relatively massive and carry a +2 electric charge.

Additional information:

• Alpha particles have low penetrating power.
• It can be stopped by a sheet of paper or the outer layer of human skin.
• Alpha particles are helium nuclei containing two protons and two neutrons.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• The Pauli Exclusion Principle states that an orbital can contain a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins.
• No two electrons in the same atom can have identical values for all four quantum numbers.
• The two electrons in one orbital are represented by opposite spin arrows: ↑↓.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• Water (H₂O) is a polar solvent due to its asymmetrical molecular structure.
• It results in a slightly positive charge on the hydrogen atoms.
• A slightly negative charge on the oxygen atom.

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• The Stark effect is the splitting or shifting of spectral lines of atoms or molecules due to an external electric field.
• The Stark effect is named after German physicist Johannes Stark, who discovered it in 1913.

Additional information:

• The Zeeman effect is the splitting of spectral lines due to an external magnetic field.
• The Photoelectric effect occurs when light ejects electrons from a material.

Last verified on 27-10-2026

Explanation

• Methane (CH₄) has four C–H bonds arranged symmetrically in a tetrahedral shape.
• Each C–H bond has a small bond dipole, but the four bond dipoles cancel one another because of the molecule’s symmetrical geometry.
• Therefore, methane has a zero net dipole moment.

Last verified on 27-10-2026