Explanation

• Carbon monoxide (CO) binds strongly with hemoglobin in the blood.
• It forms carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), reducing the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity.
• CO binds to hemoglobin about 200–250 times more strongly than oxygen.
• This can lead to oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) in body tissues.
• Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas.

Last verified on 04-08-2026

Explanation

• Urine is produced in the kidneys by filtering the blood.
• The kidneys remove excess water, salts, and waste products from the blood.
• Urine is formed in tiny filtering units called nephrons.
• After formation, urine passes through the ureters to the urinary bladder.
• The kidneys help maintain the body's fluid and electrolyte balance.

Last verified on 04-08-2026

Explanation

• William Harvey discovered the circulation of blood.
• He was the first physician to completely describe systemic blood circulation.
• Famous book: De Motu Cordis (On the Motion of the Heart and Blood) (1628)
• He is known as the Father of Circulation of Blood.

Additional information:

• Birth: 1578
• Death: 1657

Last verified on 23-06-2026

Explanation

The Induced Fit Model was proposed by Daniel Koshland in 1958.

• The enzyme active site is flexible, not rigid.
• Substrate binding induces a shape change in the enzyme.
• The perfect fit is achieved after binding, not before.

Explanation

• The vestibular apparatus of the inner ear maintains balance during head movement.
• It detects the position and movement of the head.
• The semicircular canals detect rotational (angular) movements.
• The utricle and saccule detect linear acceleration and head position.
• The brain combines these signals to maintain posture and balance.

Last verified on 02-08-2026