Explanation

• RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector) is commonly used to measure temperature in laboratories.
• RTD measures temperature by detecting changes in the electrical resistance of a metal.
• It provides accurate and reliable temperature measurements.
• Platinum is the most commonly used material in RTDs.

Last verified on 26-06-2026

Explanation

• Equal percentage valve characteristic is most suitable for precise flow control at low flow rates.
• In this type of valve, equal increments of valve opening produce equal percentage changes in flow rate.
• It provides better control over a wide range of flow conditions.
• It is commonly used in process industries where accurate regulation is required.

Last verified on 26-06-2026

Explanation

BOD₅ = Initial DO - Final DO  

Given:  

Initial DO = 9 mg/L  

DO after 5 days = 3 mg/L  

BOD₅ = 9 - 3 = 6 mg/L

Last verified on 26-06-2026

Explanation

• Cavitation in a centrifugal pump causes reduced flow and possible damage to pump components.
• Cavitation occurs when vapor bubbles form and collapse inside the pump due to low pressure.
• The collapse of bubbles can cause vibration, noise, and erosion of the impeller.
• It reduces pump efficiency and performance.

Last verified on 26-06-2026

Explanation

• A Reynolds number of 1500 indicates laminar flow.
• In pipe flow, Re < 2000 is generally considered laminar.
• In laminar flow, fluid particles move in smooth, parallel layers with little mixing.
• Oil commonly shows laminar behavior because of its higher viscosity.

Last verified on 26-06-2026