Explanation

• The Indian National Congress (INC) was formed on 28 December 1885 in Bombay (now Mumbai), British India.
• The first session was held at Gokuldas Tejpal Sanskrit College.
• Headquarters: New Delhi, India
• Founder: Allan Octavian Hume (with support from Indian leaders)
• First President: Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee
• Purpose: To represent Indian political interests and later lead the Indian independence movement.

Last verified on 11-07-2026

Explanation

• Bahadur Shah Zafar is the last Mughal emperor of India (reigned 1837–57).
• He was a poet, musician, and calligrapher, more an aesthete than a political leader.
• He was born October 24, 1775, in Delhi, India.
• He died November 7, 1862, in Rangoon [now Yangon], Myanmar.

Additional information:

• The first Mughal emperor was Babur, who founded the empire in 1526.

Last verified on 01-06-2026

Explanation

• Date: 24 June 1945
• Presided by: Lord Wavell
• Place: Viceregal Lodge, Simla
• Main parties: Congress & All India Muslim League
• Purpose: Formation of Executive Council and constitutional settlement

Last verified on 14-05-2026

Explanation

• Delivered Presidential Address at 25th All-India Muslim League session, Allahabad, 29 December 1930.
• Allama Iqbal (1877–1938) is the National Poet of Pakistan.
• Joined Muslim League: 1908 in London, 1922 in Indian subcontinent.

Additional information:

• Born: 9 November 1877, Sialkot
• Died: 21 April 1938, Lahore
• Burial: Tomb of Allama Iqbal, Lahore
• Known as “Mufakkir-e-Pakistan” (Thinker of Pakistan) and “Shair-e-Mashriq” (Poet of the East).

Last verified 09-03-2026

Explanation

• The Lahore Resolution was passed on 23 March 1940 at Minto Park, Lahore.
• Presented by A. K. Fazlul Huq
• Prepared text by Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
• It demanded separate states for Muslims of the subcontinent.
• It is also called the Pakistan Resolution.

Additional information:

Key Participants (by region)

1. Punjab → Zafar Ali Khan
2. Sindh → Sir Abdullah Haroon
3. Bengal → A.K. Fazlul Huq
4. KPK → Sardar Aurangzeb Khan
5. United Provinces → Khalid Zaman

Last verified 04-05-2026