Explanation

• An Integrated Circuit (IC) chip is primarily made from silicon, a semiconductor material.
• IC chips are used in computers, smartphones, calculators, and other electronic devices.

Additional information:

• Atomic Number of Silicon: 14
• Silicon Group: Group 14 (Carbon Family)
• First Integrated Circuit Invented: 1958
• Inventor: Jack Kilby (Texas Instruments)

Last verified on 06-08-2026

Explanation

• Simplex — one-directional data flow from computer to printer only, with no data sent back.

Additional information 

• Half-duplex— data travels both ways, but only one direction at a time.
• Full-duplex— data travels both ways simultaneously.
• Multiplex— combining multiple signals into one channel, not directly relevant here

Explanation

• Monitor and Speaker are output devices.
• Because they display visual information and produce sound instead of sending data to the computer

• Input devices are used to enter data and instructions into a computer.
• Output devices present the processed information to the user.
• Common input devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Microphone, Joystick
• Common output devices: Monitor, Speaker, Printer, Projector, Plotter

Last verified on 01-08-2026

Explanation

• The main function of a Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is to store data and programs permanently.
• HDD is a secondary storage device used in computers.
• It stores the operating system, software, and user files even when the computer is turned off.
• It provides large storage capacity compared to primary memory (RAM).
• HDD stores data magnetically on rotating disks.

Last verified on 10-07-2026

Explanation

• A printer is an example of a hard copy output device.
• A printer produces a physical copy of digital information on paper.
• Hard copy can be touched and stored physically.
• Printers and plotters are common examples of hard copy output devices.

Last verified on 30-06-2026