Explanation

• Ammonia is produced by the Haber process.
• The reaction is: N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃.
• There are 4 moles of gas on the left and 2 moles on the right.
• Increasing pressure shifts the equilibrium toward ammonia.
• Therefore, higher pressure increases ammonia production.

Explanation

• Crystallography is the branch of science devoted to the study of molecular and crystalline structure and properties.
• Tools: Scientists use techniques like X-ray diffraction to see these hidden patterns.
• Applications: It helps us understand minerals, metals, and medicines like proteins.

Explanation

Given ratio = Nitrogen : Sulphur : Phosphorus = 5 : 3 : 2  

Total parts = 5 + 3 + 2 = 10  

Total weight = 200 kg  

Value of 1 part = Total weight / Total parts  

= 200 / 10 = 20 kg  

Initial weight of Nitrogen = 5 x 20 = 100 kg  

Initial weight of Sulphur = 3 x 20 = 60 kg  

Initial weight of Phosphorus = 2 x 20 = 40 kg  

100 kg of Nitrogen is added.  

New weight of Nitrogen = 100 + 100 = 200 kg  

Verified & Updated

Explanation

• Cast iron pipes are strong and durable.
• They are mainly used for underground water-supply lines.
• They can withstand high water pressure.
• They have a long service life.
• They are suitable for large and permanent water-supply systems

Explanation

• Plain Sedimentation (4–8 hours): Relies purely on gravity for natural particle settling.
• Coagulation-Sedimentation (2–4 hours): Uses chemical coagulants to accelerate particle clumping and settling.
• Detention Time Formula: Calculated as (T =V/Q), dividing tank volume (V) by flow rate (Q) [KETOS].