Explanation

- English was added as the official and working language of the SCO.

- The decision was taken at the 26th SCO Summit in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, in 2026.

- Previously, Russian and Chinese were the two official/working languages.

- The move expands the SCO's multilingual institutional framework and facilitates wider participation.

- The SCO was established on 15 June 2001 in Shanghai, China.

***

Explanation

• On 9 June, 2017 India and Pakistan became full members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO).
• The SCO Headquarters: Beijing, China
• The SCO Founded: June 15, 2001
• The SCO currently comprises of ten Members States (China, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan)
• Official languages: Russian, Chinese and English.
• English was added in 2026.

Explanation

• The headquarters of Amnesty International (AI) is located in London, United Kingdom.
• Founded: 1961
• Founder: Peter Benenson
• Members & Supporters: More than 7 million
• Presence: Over 150 countries
• Main Purpose: Protection and promotion of human rights
• Nobel Peace Prize: 1977
• Awarded for: "Worldwide respect for human rights."

Last verified on 18-07-2026

Explanation

• NATO stands form the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• Founded: 4 April 1949 (Washington, USA)
• Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium
• Total members: 32 (30 European & 2 North American countries)
• Latest Member: Finland
• Type: Military Alliance
• Official Languages: English & French
• Founding members: 12
• Pakistan: Not a NATO member
  
• Member Muslim country: Turkiye 
• Last Member: On 7 March 2024, Sweden became the 32nd member.

List of NATO member countries

1.       Albania

2.       Belgium

3.       Bulgaria

4.       Canada

5.       Croatia

6.       Czechia

7.       Denmark

8.       Estonia

9.       France

10.   Germany

11.   Greece

12.   Hungary

13.   Iceland

14.   Italy

15.   Latvia

16.   Lithuania

17.   Luxembourg

18.   Montenegro

19.   Netherlands

20.   North Macedonia

21.   Norway

22.   Poland

23.   Portugal

24.   Romania

25.   Slovakia

26.   Slovenia

27.   Spain

28.   Turkiye

29.   United Kingdom

30.   United States

31.   Finland 2023

32.  Sweden 2024

Last updated by NA on 22-April-2026

Explanation

The following nine countries are declared nuclear powers: 

1. USA
2. Russia
3. UK
4. France
5. China
6. India
7. Pakistan
8. Israel
9. North Korea

Nuclear weapons first developed in 1945 (USA).

Nuclear powers are divided into:

1. Official (NPT recognized): USA, Russia, UK, France, China
2. Non-NPT / de facto: India, Pakistan, Israel, North Korea

Last verified on 06-08-2026