Explanation

• Hazrat Umar (RA) organized and strengthened the consultative system of governance known as Majlis-e-Shoora.
• He used it for important state decisions, justice, and administration.

Additional information:

• Second Caliph of Islam
• Established Bait-ul-Maal system
• Introduced judicial reforms
• Divided empire into provinces

Last verified on 31-05-2026

Explanation

• Compiled During: Caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakar (R.A)
• Suggestion By: Hazrat Umar (R.A)
• Compiler: Zayd bin Thabit (R.A)
• Reason: Martyrdom of Huffaz in Battle of Yamama
• Language: Arabic

Additional information:

• Quran was revealed over 23 years.
• First revelation came in 610 CE.
• Total Surahs: 114
• Total Juz (Paras): 30
• Standard copies were later distributed during the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan (R.A).

Last verified on 17-05-2026

Explanation

• Marwan I the fourth Umayyad caliph
• Founder of the Marwanid line
• Father: Al-Hakam ibn Abi al-As
• Mother: Amina bint Alqama
• Reign: 684–685 CE

Additional information 

•  Marwan II (Marwan ibn Muhammad), he was the son of Muhammad ibn Marwan 

Last updated question by NS on 2 MAY 2026

Explanation

• Ali ibn Abi Talib (656 to 661 CE) shifted the capital from Madinah to Kufa.
• This change happened around 657 CE (36 AH) after internal conflicts like the Battle of Jamal.
• Earlier, Madinah was the capital during the first three caliphs.
• He is buried in Najaf.

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• The police system was first established by Umar ibn al-Khattab.
• He was the second Caliph (634–644 CE).
• A proper system of law enforcement and public safety was organized.
• He also introduced the Hijri calendar.
• He established systems like Bait-ul-Mal (treasury) and judiciary.

Last verified on 30-04-2026