Explanation

• "Hunter Par Hunter" was written by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.
• Purpose: To rebut W.W. Hunter's The Indian Musalmans
• Language: Urdu

Additional information 

• Original Publication: Sir Syed reviewed Hunter's book in The Pioneer and it was reprinted in the Aligarh Institute Gazette between 24 November 1871 and 23 February 1872.

Last updated by NS on 01 MAY 2026

Explanation

• Isohypses are lines joining equal points of altitude.
• They are used to show height above sea level on maps.
• Also called contour lines.
• Help in understanding relief and terrain shape.
• Common in topographic maps.

Last verified on 01-05-2026

Explanation

• A thematic map shows a specific theme or subject.
• It focuses on one type of information like population, climate, or resources.
• It is a type of special purpose map.

Last verified on 01-05-2026

Explanation

• Ozone (O₃) is mainly found in the Stratosphere, called the ozone layer.
• It absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, protecting life on Earth.
• Located roughly 15–35 km above the Earth’s surface.

Last verified on 17-01-2026

Explanation

• The stratosphere is heated mainly by ozone.
• Ozone layer absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun.
• This absorption converts solar energy into heat.
• It causes warming in the stratosphere instead of cooling.
• This layer protects Earth from dangerous UV rays.

Last verified on 01-05-2026

Explanation

• Hydrogen (H2) and Argon is not a greenhouse gas.
• Greenhouse gases are gases that trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere and cause the Greenhouse Effect.

The main greenhouse gases are:

• Carbon dioxide (CO2)
• Methane (CH4)
• Nitrous oxide (N2O)
• Water vapor (H2O)
• Ozone (O3)
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
• Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
• Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)

Last verified on 01-05-2026

Explanation

• The concept of Demographic Transition Theory (DTT) was developed by Frank W. Notestein.
• He introduced it in the 1940s.
• It explains population change from high birth & death rates to low birth & death rates.
• It is widely used in population geography and economics.
• The model describes development stages of societies.

Last verified on 01-05-2026

Explanation

• The concept of Location Triangle was introduced by Alfred Weber.
• He is known for Industrial Location Theory.
• It explains the best location for industry based on transport costs and raw materials.
• The triangle includes raw material source, market, and production site.
• It helps minimize industrial cost and maximize profit.

Last verified on 01-05-2026

Explanation

• Line-in-polygon overlay is used when a line feature (road) intersects a polygon (forest area).
• It helps calculate the portion or length of a line inside a polygon.
• In this case, roads are line features and forests are polygon features.
• So we use line-in-polygon analysis to measure road length within forest boundaries.
• It is widely used in GIS spatial analysis.

Last verified on 01-05-2026

Explanation

• Rubber sheeting is a map adjustment technique.
• It warps or stretches map coordinates to match known control points.
• Used in GIS (Geographic Information Systems) for accuracy correction.
• Helps align old or distorted maps with real-world data.
• Common in cartography and spatial analysis.

Last verified on 01-05-2026