Explanation

• Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time.
• The SI unit of frequency is the hertz (Hz).
• 1 Hz = 1 cycle or vibration per second
• Unit: Hz = s⁻¹ (per second)
• Named after physicist Heinrich Hertz
• Used for waves, oscillations, sound, and electromagnetic radiation
• Derivations from other quantities: f = 1 / T
• Dimension T^−1

Explanation

• The unit of pressure is N/m² (Newton per square meter).
• It is also called Pascal (Pa).
• Pressure means force applied per unit area.
• Higher force or smaller area increases pressure.

Last verified on 17-06-2026

Explanation

• The SI unit of force is the newton (N).
• 1 N = the force needed to accelerate 1 kg of mass by 1 m/s²
• Derived unit: N = kg·m/s²
• Named after Sir Isaac Newton
• Based on F = ma (Newton's second law)

Additional information:

1. The metre, unit of length — symbol m
2. The kilogram, unit of mass — symbol kg
3. The second, unit of time — symbol s

Last verified on 09-11-2026

Explanation

The M orbit, also known as the third electron shell.

• It can hold a maximum of 18 electrons.

Additional information:

The K orbit, also known as the first electron shell.

• It can hold a maximum of 2 electrons.

The L orbit, also known as the second electron shell.

• It can hold a maximum of 8 electrons.

Last verified on 01-11-2026

Explanation

• The instrument used to measure temperature is called a thermometer.
• A thermometer shows how hot or cold an object or place is.

Additional information:

• Barometer measures air pressure.
• Hygrometer measures humidity (moisture in air).

Last verified on 16-06-2026

Explanation

An atom consists of three subatomic particles:

1. Protons (positively charged)
2. Neutrons (neutral)
3. Electrons (negatively charged)

Additional Information:

• A neutral atom has equal protons and electrons; imbalance creates ions.
• Discovered by John Dalton in 1808 (Atomic Theory).
• Cation = positive ion.
  Anion = negative ion.
• Isotopes = same element with different neutrons.

Last verified on 09-11-2026

Explanation

• The movement of water from higher water potential to lower water potential is called osmosis.
• It occurs through a semi-permeable membrane.
• Only water molecules move in osmosis.
• It is a passive process (no energy required).

Last verified on 18-06-2026

Explanation

• Gene Definition: Basic physical and functional unit of heredity
• Location: Found on chromosomes within DNA
• Function: Codes for proteins or RNA molecules that determine traits
• Types: Structural genes (proteins), regulatory genes (control expression)
• Inheritance: Passed from parents to offspring during reproduction

Last verified on 05-02-2026

Explanation

• - Definition: Splitting of a heavy nucleus into smaller nuclei.
• - Trigger: Often absorbs a neutron.
• - Examples: Uranium-235 and Plutonium-239.
• - Energy: Releases a large amount of energy.
• - Neutrons: Can produce a chain reaction.
• - Uses: Nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons.

Last updated 08 Nov 2026 by NA 

Explanation

• Chlorophyll is the green pigment responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
• It captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy to make food.

• Plants use chlorophyll to produce glucose and oxygen through photosynthesis.
• Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll a and b, which absorb sunlight.

Last verified on 22-01-2026