Explanation

• The loss of electrons and protons (H+ ions) is called oxidation.

Additional information:

• Reduction is the gain of electrons.
• Both processes occur together in redox reactions.

Explanation

• The movement of water from higher water potential to lower water potential is called osmosis.
• It occurs through a semi-permeable membrane.
• Only water molecules move in osmosis.
• It is a passive process (no energy required).

Last verified on 18-06-2026

Explanation

• Macronutrients are the nutrients that are needed in the highest concentration by living organisms.
• They include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, which provide energy and support growth and maintenance of tissues.

Last verified on 08-11-2026

Explanation

• Guard cells are specialized cells that surround each stoma and regulate its opening and closing.
• When guard cells absorb water and become turgid, the stomata open.
• When guard cells lose water and become flaccid, the stomata close.
• This process regulates gas exchange and water loss through transpiration.

Last verified on 08-11-2026

Explanation

• Vitamin K is essential for the production of blood-clotting proteins.
• Its deficiency reduces the blood's ability to clot, causing prolonged bleeding.
• It may lead to easy bruising, nosebleeds and excessive bleeding from wounds.
• Vitamin K is found in green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale and broccoli.

Last verified on 02-11-2026

Explanation

• Observation is the first step in the scientific method, which is used to solve biological problems.
• Scientists make observations about the natural world, notice patterns or phenomena, and ask questions about what they have observed.

The correct order of the scientific method is:

• Observation
• Question
• Hypothesis
• Prediction
• Experimentation
• Data analysis
• Conclusion

Last verified on 28-10-2026

Explanation

• Malaria is caused by the parasite Plasmodium.
• It is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito.
• Malaria is a parasitic disease.
• It mainly affects the liver and red blood cells.
• Common symptoms include fever, chills, headache, and sweating.

Last verified on 11-07-2026

Explanation

• The Sun is the ultimate and main source of energy on Earth.
• It provides energy through solar radiation (light and heat).
• All forms of energy on Earth directly or indirectly come from the Sun.
• It supports life, climate, and ecosystems on Earth.

This energy is then converted into various forms, such as:

• Thermal energy (heat)
• Kinetic energy (wind, water currents)
• Electrical energy (generated from solar panels)
• Chemical energy (fossil fuels, biomass)
• Biological energy (food chains, ecosystems)

Last verified on 16-06-2026

Explanation

• Platelets, also called thrombocytes.
• They are blood cells that play a vital role in blood clotting.
• When a blood vessel is injured, platelets aggregate to form a plug that stops the bleeding.

Last verified on 02-04-2026

Explanation

• Taxonomy is the science of classifying and naming organisms.
  • Helps organize plants, animals, and microorganisms into groups.
  • Based on shared characteristics, genetics, and evolutionary relationships.
  • Developed initially by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century.

Last verified on 06-02-2026