Explanation

• Cold War was a period of political and military tension after World War II.
• Main rivalry: United States (USA) vs. Soviet Union (USSR).
• It lasted roughly from 1947 to 1991.
• Conflict involved arms race, space race, and ideological competition.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

• Signed On: 28 June 1919
• Parties Involved: Allied Powers vs Germany
• Purpose: To establish peace and codify terms after World War I
• Key Fact: Primary treaty from the Paris Peace Conference
• Region Affected: Europe

• Imposed war guilt on Germany (Article 231)
• Enforced reparations and military restrictions on Germany
• Laid foundations that later influenced World War II

Last Verified on 13-01-2026

Explanation

• Final defeat: Battle of Waterloo (1815)
• Opponents: Britain + Prussia
• Leader of Britain: Duke of Wellington
• Result: End of Napoleonic Wars
• Exile: Saint Helena Island (South Atlantic Ocean)

Last verified on 16-05-2026

Explanation

• The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed on 28 June 1919.
• Exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
• Ended  World War I Between Germany and the Allied Powers.
• Location: Hall of Mirrors in the Palace of Versailles, France
• Effective: 10 January 1920
• Languages: French and English

Last updated by NA on 27 April 2026

Explanation

• Hundred Years' War was fought between England and France.
• It lasted from 24 May 1337 to 19 October 1453 AD (with breaks).
• The war was mainly over territorial claims in France.
• France eventually won the war.
• It is one of the longest wars in history.

Last verified on 27-04-2026

Explanation

• The First Battle of Panipat was fought between Babur and the Lodi Empire,
• Took place on 21 April 1526 in North India.
• Result: Mughal victory
• Territorial changes: The Delhi Sultanate was annexed by the Mughal dynasty
• 2nd battle of Panipat: 1556
• 3rd battle of Panipat: 1761

Last updated by NA on 25-April-2026

Explanation

• The Berlin Wall fell on 9 November 1989.
• It separated East Germany and West Germany during the Cold War.
• The fall symbolized the end of division in Europe.
• It marked the beginning of the end of the Cold War.
• Germany was officially reunified on 3 October 1990.

Additional information:

• Start of construction → 13 August 1961
• Length of wall → 155 km
• Height → 3.6 meters

Last verified on 20-04-2026

Explanation

• Number of colonies: 13
• War period: 1775–1783
• Independence declared: 1776
• First President of USA: George Washington
• Treaty of Paris signed: 1783

Last verified on 21-04-2026

Explanation

The Strait of Hormuz crisis primarily involves tensions between Iran and the United States.

This narrow waterway is strategically vital because a large portion of the world’s oil supply passes through it, so conflicts between Iran and the U.S. in this region have global economic and security implications.

***

Explanation

The primary objective of the Islamabad Talks (April 11–12, 2026) was to convert a fragile two-week ceasefire into a permanent peace agreement to end the US-Iran war.

The first marathon session ended without a formal deal.

President Trump has announced that a second round of talks is scheduled to begin in Islamabad on, April 20, 2026.

***