Explanation

World Bank

• Established: Bretton Woods Conference, 1944
• Headquarters: Washington, D.C., USA
• Members: 189 countries
• Purpose / Aim: Provide loans and grants for development projects

Partner Institutions (5):

1. IBRO (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)
2. IDA (International Development Association)
3. IFC (International Finance Corporation)
4. MIGA (Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency)
5. ICSID (International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes)

Pakistan Joined: 1950

Publications: Human Capital Index, World Development Report

Last verified on 18-01-2026

Explanation

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

• Signed On: 28 June 1919
• Parties Involved: Allied Powers vs Germany
• Purpose: To establish peace and codify terms after World War I
• Key Fact: Primary treaty from the Paris Peace Conference
• Region Affected: Europe

• Imposed war guilt on Germany (Article 231)
• Enforced reparations and military restrictions on Germany
• Laid foundations that later influenced World War II

Last Verified on 13-01-2026

Explanation

• Spring tide occurs when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are aligned.
• It causing the highest high tides.
• It happens during full moon and new moon phases.

Last verified on 23-03-2026

Explanation

• A Hamlet is the smallest type of human settlement.
• Typically has less than 100 people.
• It usually consists of a few houses with no central facilities like schools or markets.

Last verified on 23-03-2026

Explanation

• The Bosphorus Strait is a narrow natural waterway in Turkey.
• It connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara.
• It is the forming part of the boundary between Europe and Asia.
• Strategically important for international shipping and naval routes.

Additional information:

• Length: ~30 km
• Width: 700 m – 3.7 km
• Maximum depth: ~110 m
• Number of bridges across: 3
• Number of tunnels (undersea): 2

Last verified on 12-03-2026

Explanation

• Mosul is a major city in northern Iraq.
• It is situated on the western bank of the Tigris River.
• The Tigris flows southeast through Iraq.
• It joins the Euphrates to form the Shatt al-Arab.

Last verified on 19-03-2026

Explanation

• The southern border of the United States is connected to Mexico.

Additional information:

• Border length: ~3,145 km (1,954 miles)
• Western end: Pacific Ocean (near Tijuana, Mexico)
• Eastern end: Gulf of Mexico (near Brownsville, Texas)
• Border states in USA: California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas
• Major crossings: San Ysidro, El Paso, Laredo

Last verified on 18-03-2026

Explanation

• Hawaii is a U.S. state located in the central Pacific Ocean.

Additional information:

• Number of main islands: 8 (Hawaii, Maui, Oahu, Kauai, Molokai, Lanai, Niihau, Kahoolawe)
• Year became a state: 1959
• Distance from mainland USA: ~2,400 miles (3,862 km)
• Capital city: Honolulu
• Famous for: Volcanoes (Mauna Loa, Kilauea), beaches, tropical climate

Last verified on 18-03-2026

Explanation

• Mashhad is a major city in northeastern Iran.
• It is the capital of Razavi Khorasan province.
• Mashhad is the second most populous city in Iran.
• Population ~3.4 million (2016 census).
• Located about 740 km east of Tehran.

Last verified on 18-03-2026

Explanation

The currency of Japan is the yen.

Japan is an island country in East Asia.

Japan is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean.

The capital of Japan is Tokyo.

The largest city in Japan is Tokyo.

Japan is a part of the Ring of Fire.

The official language is Japanese.

Japan is the eleventh most populous country in the world.

Japan is located on the continent of Asia.

Japan's primary religions are Buddhism and Shinto, but it is a secular country.

Japan's head of government is Prime Minister Fumio Kishida.

Japan's parliament is called the Diet.

Last verified on 17-03-2026