Explanation

The 2025 conflict was a brief armed conflict between India and Pakistan.

India launched Operation Sindoor against Pakistan on 7 May 2025.

In response, Pakistan launched its Operation Bunyan-un-Marsoos on 10 May 2025 against India.

On 10th of May 2025, a ceasefire was announced by the US president Donald Trump.

Pakistan used Fatah series during this war 

Additional Information:

Tensions escalated between India and Pakistan after Pahalgam terrorist attack in Indian occupied Kashmir on 22 April 2025 in which 26 civilians were killed.

 ****

Explanation

India launched military attack on Pakistan on 7 May 2025

Pakistani military brought down five Indian jets in retaliation by using Chinese technology

India targeted Kotli, Bahawalpur, Muridke, Bagh and Muzaffarabad.

India termed this aggression as “Operation Sindoor”.

As per Pakistan, 31 civilians killed and 46 injured.

Additional Information:

The April 22, 2025 attack in Pahalgam killed 26 tourists.

India, without investigation or evidence, blamed Pakistan for this.

***** 

Explanation

Explanation

• India became the first nation to land a spacecraft near the Moon’s south pole
• Mission: Chandrayaan-3 (lander Vikram and rover Pragyaan).
• Launched on 14 July 2023
• Launched from Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh
• Chandrayaan means Mooncraft

Last updated by NA on 20-April-2026

Explanation

Turkey unveiled its most powerful conventional bomb, the Gazap, at the International Defence Industry Fair (IDEF) 2025 in Istanbul.

 The Gazap bomb weighs 970 kg and is designed for F-16 fighter jets.

 It disperses 10.16 fragment explosions per metre, up from the earlier standard of 3 metres.

It is developed by the National Defence Ministry’s R&D centre, it increases Turkey's airstrike power.

 ****

Explanation

Iron Beam is a HELWS developed by Israel to intercept a variety of threats, including rockets, mortars, artillery, and drones.

It's designed to complement existing missile defense systems like Iron Dome.

HELWS stands for high-energy laser weapon system.

****

Explanation

According to data from SIPRI, 81% of Pakistan’s weapon imports in 2020–24 came from China.

This marks an increase from the previous period (2015–19), when 74% of Pakistan’s arms were sourced from China.

Explanation

On 11 February 2021, Pakistan conducted a successful launch of the Babur-1A cruise missile with a range of 450 kilometers.

while 

Pakistan successfully conducted a flight test of air-launched cruise missile Ra’ad-II on 18th February 2020.

Explanation

History

The PL-15 is developed by the Luoyang-based China Airborne Missile Academy (CAMA).

The missile was test-fired in 2011

The PL-15 entered People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) military service around 2015 to 2017

It can reach speeds of up to Mach 5

It is used by:

• The People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF)
• Naval Air Force (PLANAF)
• The Pakistan Air Force.

Explanation

Pakistan conducted a successful training launch of the Abdali weapon system

The missile has range of 450 kilometres (280 miles)

The test of the Abdali Weapon System was conducted on May 3, 2025 as part of a military drill titled Exercise INDUS.

This missile is also known as Hatf-II

This missile was developed by SUPARCO

Additional Information:

SUPARCO stands for Pakistan's Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission.

SUPARCO is the space agency of Pakistan.

Abdali missile is named after Ahmad Shah Abdali.

He was the 18th-century founder of modern Afghanistan.

 *****