Explanation

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

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History of the Soviet Union

Background

1917–1927: Establishment (founded)

1927–1953: Stalinism

1953–1964: Khrushchev Thaw

1964–1982: Era of Stagnation

1982–1991: Decline and collapse (dissolved)

A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics

It was the largest country in the world, covering over 22,402,200 square kilometers (8,649,500 sq mi)

spanning eleven time zones.

Capital and largest city: Moscow

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Leader  

• 1922–1924: Vladimir Lenin

• 1924–1953: Joseph Stalin

• 1953: Georgy Malenkov

• 1953–1964 : Nikita Khrushchev

• 1964–1982: Leonid Brezhnev

• 1982–1984: Yuri Andropov

• 1984–1985: Konstantin Chernenko

• 1985–1991: Mikhail Gorbachev

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Head of state  

• 1922–1946 (first): Mikhail Kalinin

• 1988–1991 (last): Mikhail Gorbachev

***

Head of government  

• 1922–1924 (first): Vladimir Lenin

• 1991 (last): Ivan Silayev

****

Currency: Soviet ruble (Rbl) (SUR)

ND7-5-2023

Explanation

The slogan "No taxation without representation" was first raised in the American colonies in the 18th century.

It was a key phrase used by American colonists to protest British taxation policies, such as the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts.

This slogan became a rallying cry for the American Revolution.

Explanation

• The Orange Revolution in Ukraine took place from November 22, 2004, to January 23, 2005.
• It was sparked by election fraud involving President Leonid Kuchma and Prime Minister Viktor Yanukovych.
• It leading to a re-run of the election and the victory of Viktor Yushchenko.

Explanation

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

****

History of the Soviet Union

Background

1917–1927: Establishment (founded)

1927–1953: Stalinism

1953–1964: Khrushchev Thaw

1964–1982: Era of Stagnation

1982–1991: Decline and collapse (dissolved)

******

A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics

It was the largest country in the world, covering over 22,402,200 square kilometers (8,649,500 sq mi)

spanning eleven time zones.

Capital and largest city: Moscow

****

Leader  

• 1922–1924: Vladimir Lenin

• 1924–1953: Joseph Stalin

• 1953: Georgy Malenkov

• 1953–1964 : Nikita Khrushchev

• 1964–1982: Leonid Brezhnev

• 1982–1984: Yuri Andropov

• 1984–1985: Konstantin Chernenko

• 1985–1991: Mikhail Gorbachev

****

Head of state  

• 1922–1946 (first): Mikhail Kalinin

• 1988–1991 (last): Mikhail Gorbachev

***

Head of government  

• 1922–1924 (first): Vladimir Lenin

• 1991 (last): Ivan Silayev

****

Currency: Soviet ruble (Rbl) (SUR)

ND7-5-2023

Explanation

Toussaint Louverture was the best-known leader of the Haitian revolution.

He played a crucial role in the successful slave revolt that led to Haiti's independence from French colonial rule in 1804.

Explanation

Nelson Mandela served first black president of South Africa on 10 May 1994 until 1999.

Nelson Mandela International Day celebrated: 18 July  

Nelson Mandela: imprisoned in 1962 (served 27 years in prison)

Nelson Mandela died: 5th December 2013

Explanation

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a French philosopher, popularized the concept of "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity".

Through his influential ideas, especially in The Social Contract (1762).

This contributed to shaping the ideals of the French Revolution.

Explanation

The Iranian Revolution also known as the 1979 Revolution was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and the replacement of his government with an Islamic republic under the Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a leader of one of the factions in the revolt.

Explanation

The Industrial Revolution began in England in the late 18th century, starting with the invention of the Spinning Jenny in 1764.

It later spread throughout Europe and North America.

It revolutionizing textile production and leading to mass industrialization.

Explanation

The Soviet Union officially broke up in 1991, leading to the emergence of 15 sovereign states.

This dissolution marked the end of the Cold War and the establishment of new independent countries.

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

****

History of the Soviet Union

Background

1917–1927: Establishment (founded)

1927–1953: Stalinism

1953–1964: Khrushchev Thaw

1964–1982: Era of Stagnation

1982–1991: Decline and collapse (dissolved)

******

A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national republics

It was the largest country in the world, covering over 22,402,200 square kilometers (8,649,500 sq mi)

spanning eleven time zones.

Capital and largest city: Moscow

****

Leader  

• 1922–1924: Vladimir Lenin

• 1924–1953: Joseph Stalin

• 1953: Georgy Malenkov

• 1953–1964 : Nikita Khrushchev

• 1964–1982: Leonid Brezhnev

• 1982–1984: Yuri Andropov

• 1984–1985: Konstantin Chernenko

• 1985–1991: Mikhail Gorbachev

****

Head of state  

• 1922–1946 (first): Mikhail Kalinin

• 1988–1991 (last): Mikhail Gorbachev

***

Head of government  

• 1922–1924 (first): Vladimir Lenin

• 1991 (last): Ivan Silayev

****

Currency: Soviet ruble (Rbl) (SUR)

ND7-5-2023