Explanation

• The Indian Councils Act, 1892 is regarded as laying the seeds of Indian participation in the legislative process.
• It introduced the first element of indirect election and increased Indian representation in legislative councils.
• Local bodies such as municipalities and district boards could recommend members.
• Indian members were also allowed to discuss the budget and ask questions.

Last verified on 08-09-2026

Explanation

• Main Demand: Separate electorates for Muslims
• Place: Simla (Shimla)
• Date: 1 October 1906
• Leader: Sir Aga Khan III
• Met: Lord Minto
• The Simla Deputation consisted of 35 members.

Last verified on 08-08-2026

Explanation

• The Mansabdari system was introduced by Emperor Akbar as an administrative and military system.
• Branding of horses (Dagh) was an important feature to prevent fraud and maintain military standards.

Last verified on 08-09-2026

Explanation

• The seals discovered at Mohenjo-daro show similarities with seals found in ancient Sumeria (Mesopotamia).
• These similarities provide evidence of trade and cultural contacts between the Indus Valley Civilization and Mesopotamia.
• Indus seals commonly contain animal figures and inscriptions.
• Such archaeological evidence helps establish connections between the two ancient civilizations.

Last verified on 08-09-2026

Explanation

• The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920–1922) was launched under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.
• It was closely linked with the Khilafat Movement and brought Hindus and Muslims together in a common political struggle.
• This Hindu-Muslim unity was one of the major achievements of the movement.
• The movement was withdrawn in 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident.

Last verified on 08-09-2026

Explanation

• The East India Company was established on 31 December 1600.
• Queen Elizabeth I, the last monarch of the Tudor dynasty, granted the Company its royal charter.
• Elizabeth I died in 1603, after which the Stuart dynasty began with James I.

Last verified on 08-09-2026

Explanation

• Sir Syed Ahmad Khan wrote this (Risala-i-Asbab-e-Baghawat-i-Hind) pamphlet after the War of Independence of 1857.
• It examined the causes of the revolt and attempted to explain the reasons for the uprising.
• He also sought to remove misunderstandings about the Muslims’ involvement in the revolt.
• The pamphlet was written in 1858.

Last verified on 08-09-2026

Explanation

• Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah strongly opposed the Rowlatt Act of 1919.
• The Act allowed the British government to detain people without trial and restricted civil liberties.
• Jinnah resigned from the Imperial Legislative Council in protest against the Act.

Last verified on 06-09-2026

Explanation

• The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched by the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1920 under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi.
• It aimed to oppose British rule through non-violent non-cooperation.
• The movement was formally adopted at the Nagpur Session of Congress in December 1920.

Last verified on 06-09-2026

Explanation

• The Simla Deputation took place on October 1, 1906
• Location: Viceregal Lodge, Simla (now Shimla, India)
• Leader: Sir Aga Khan III
• Participants: 35 prominent Muslim leaders
• Met With: Lord Minto, the Viceroy of India.
• Main Demand: Separate electorates for Muslims

Additional information

• The Simla Agreement was signed on July 2, 1972.

Last updated by NS on 5-09-2026