Explanation

Among Patapoutian's first major discoveries was the identification of the cold-sensing ion channel TRPM8.

His research also led to the discovery of TRPA1 (the so-called wasabi receptor),

which acts as a sensor for noxious stimuli, including cold and pain.

Explanation

James Peebles is given for the theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology, and Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz for discovering an exoplanet orbiting a solar-type star.

Explanation

Journalists Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov have won the Nobel Peace Prize for their fights to defend freedom of expression in the Philippines and Russia.

Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov jointly won the 2021 Nobel Peace Prize

Explanation

Abdulrazak Gurnah has been awarded the 2021 Nobel prize for literature.

The Tanzanian novelist, who is based in the UK, was awarded the prize for his “uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between cultures and continents”.

Explanation

Explanation

When it was announced that Boris Pasternak had been awarded the 1958 Nobel Prize, he was forced to decline it at the behest of Soviet authorities, who had banned Doctor Zhivago.

Explanation

The Nobel Prize in Physics for the year 2020 was awarded to three astrophysicists Roger Penrose from the UK, Reinhard Genzel from Germany, and Andrea Ghez from the USA.

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020 was awarded “for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity”,

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