Explanation

Lionel Messi became the first footballer to receive the ‘American Presidential Medal of Freedom’.

He is a professional footballer of Argentina.

He received this award on 5 January 2025 from US president Joe Biden.  

Additional Information:

Presidential Medal of freedom is the highest civilian award of the United States of America.

Explanation

Simon Johnson, James Robinson and Daron Acemoglu have been awarded 2024 Nobel Prize Economics.

Awarded for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity.

Their book titled 'Power and Progress: Our Thousand-Year Struggle Over Technology and Prosperity'  was published in 2023

Both Simon Johnson and James Robinson are British-Americans.

Daron Acemoglu is a Turkish-American.

Additional Information:

Nobel Prize in Economics 2023 was awarded to Claudia Goldin

She is an American economic historian

Explanation

About Literature Nobel Prize 2024

Winner: Han Kang

She is the author of South Korea.

She is the first woman of South Korea to win Nobel Prize in Literature.  

Additional Inormation: 

The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2023 was awarded to Norwegian author Jon Fosse.

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Explanation

 About Chemistry Nobel Prize 2024

Co-winners: David Baker, John Jumper,  Briton Demis

They are scientists from the United States of America (USA) 

Additional Inormation: 

Moungi Bawendi & Louis Brus of the USA along with Alexey Ekimov of Russia were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2023. 

Explanation

 About Chemistry Nobel Prize 2024

Co-winners: David Baker, John Jumper,  Briton Demis

They are scientists from the United States of America (USA) 

Additional Inormation: 

Moungi Bawendi & Louis Brus of the USA along with Alexey Ekimov of Russia were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2023. 

Explanation

About Nobel Prize in Physics 2024

Co-winners: John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton

Award given by: Royal Swedish Academy

Geoffrey Hinton is a British-Canadian computer scientist

Geoffrey Hinton is called the godfather of artificial intelligence (AI)

John Hopfield is an American scientist

Additional Information:

They are awarded Nobel Prize for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks

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Explanation

Victoria Theilvig won the title of Miss Universe 2024.

She belongs to Denmark. 

She is the first Danish woman to hold this title. 

Explanation

• India's highest military award is the Param Vir Chakra (PVC).
• It's given to those who demonstrate the highest levels of bravery or self-sacrifice in the face of the enemy.
• The PVC was established on January 26, 1950. 

Additional information:

• Victoria Cross: The highest military award in the United Kingdom.
• Medal of Honor: The highest military award in the United States.
• Legion of Honor: The highest military award in France.
• Cross of St. George: The highest military award in Russia.

Explanation

Morarji Desai is the only Indian who received the highest civilian awards from both India and Pakistan, the Bharat Ratna and Nishaan-e-Pakistan.

He was the 4th PM (1977-1979) of India.

He was the second deputy prime minister of India.

He was the first non-congress Indian Prime Minister.

Explanation

• From 1901 to 2022, the United States received the most 400 Nobel Prizes.
• The country with the second highest number of Nobel Prizes is the United Kingdom with 138.
• Germany has  the second highest award at 111 and is also the third country with over 100 Nobel laureates.