Explanation

• The retina is the light-sensitive layer located at the back of the human eye.
• It contains special cells called rods and cones that detect light and color.
• These cells convert light into electrical signals.
• The signals are then sent to the brain through the optic nerve to produce vision.

Last verified on 11-03-2026

Explanation

• Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into food (glucose).
• It occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells using chlorophyll.
• The byproduct of this process is oxygen, which is released into the atmosphere.

Last verified on 10-03-2026

Explanation

• The ozone layer acts as Earth’s natural sunscreen, protecting life from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
• UV radiation can cause skin cancer, eye damage, and harm to plants and animals.

Additional information:

• Chemical Formula: O₃ (three oxygen atoms)
• Layer Location: Stratosphere, 15–40 km above Earth
• Function: Absorbs UV-B and UV-C rays from the Sun
• Depletion Causes: Air pollution, CFCs, industrial chemicals
• Protection Measures: Reduce CFC use, ozone-friendly products

Last verified on 09-03-2026

Explanation

Explanation

• A diluted solution has a low ratio of solute to solvent, meaning it contains less solute.
• It is the opposite of a concentrated solution, which has more solute.
• Diluted solutions are often used when a weaker solution is needed.

Last verified on 08-03-2026

Explanation

• Paper Chromatography is a method used to separate and identify colored substances, especially dyes in a mixture.
• It works based on different rates of movement of substances through absorbent paper with a solvent.

Additional information:

• Filtration – separates solids from liquids.
• Sublimation – separates a solid that sublimes from a mixture.
• Distillation – separates liquids based on boiling points.

Last verified on 08-03-2026

Explanation

• A molecule is the smallest particle of a compound that retains the chemical properties of that compound.
• It is made up of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
• Molecules can be elements (O₂, N₂) or compounds (H₂O, CO₂).

Last verified on 08-02-2026

Explanation

• Sublimation is the process in which a solid directly changes into a gas without passing through a liquid phase.
• This endothermic phase transition
• Occurs when a substance absorbs enough energy to overcome intermolecular forces.
• Deposition: Gas to Solid (the reverse process).
• Examples: Dry ice, iodine, frost/snow.

Explanation

• An aqueous solution is one where water acts as the solvent, dissolving the solute.
• This type of solution is common in many chemical reactions and biological processes.

Last verified on 06-03-2026

Explanation

• Sublimation is the process by which a solid substance transitions directly into a gas or vapour, without going through the liquid phase, and then condenses back into a solid.
• Examples include iodine, dry ice, and naphthalene.

Last verified on 06-03-2026