Explanation

• The Gandhara civilization was located in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
• It is particularly in the region around Taxila and Peshawar.
• It was a major center of Buddhist culture.
• It is art from around the 6th century BCE to the 11th century CE.

Last verified on 30-03-2026

Explanation

• Mohenjo-Daro was a major city of the Indus Valley Civilization (c. 2500–1900 BCE) in present-day Pakistan.
• People worshiped Mother Earth, bulls, and fertility symbols.
• But Inanna (a Mesopotamian goddess) was not part of their religion.

Last verified on 19-03-2026

Explanation

• Mohenjo-Daro was a major city of the Indus Valley Civilization (2600–1900 BC).
• Its economy depended heavily on trade and commerce.
• Archaeological evidence shows trade with Iran and Afghanistan, and even with regions like Mesopotamia.
• Goods such as cotton, beads, and metals were exchanged through land and sea routes.

Last verified on 14-03-2026

Explanation

• Time Period: 3300 BCE – 1300 BCE (entire civilization)
• Mature Phase: 2600–1900 BCE
• Major Cities with Drainage: Mohenjo-daro, Harappa, Dholavira, Lothal, Kalibangan
• Number of Main Drains in Mohenjo-daro: Over 700 household drains connected to covered sewers
• Population Estimate: Around 1–2 million people in urban centers

Last verified on 18-01-2026

Explanation

• Ruling Dynasty: Kushanas
• Time Period: 1st century CE – 5th century CE
• Main Centers: Taxila, Peshawar Valley, Swat Valley
• Style Influences: Greek (Hellenistic), Roman, Indian
• Subjects: Buddha statues, Bodhisattvas, stupas

Last verified on 18-01-2026

Explanation

• Main Cultural Center: Taxila
• Location: Peshawar Valley, near present-day Islamabad, Pakistan
• Time Period: 6th century BCE – 5th century CE
• Purpose: Education, trade, and religious spread (Buddhism)
• Connected Regions: South Asia, Central Asia, Middle East

Last verified on 18-01-2026

Explanation

Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) – Key Points

Also known as the Indus Civilisation.

A Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia.

Existed from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE.

Reached its mature phase between 2600 BCE and 1900 BCE.

Explanation

Explanation

Ajrak traces its origin to the ancient Indus Valley Civilization (around 2500 BCE).

It is a traditional block-printed textile still famous in Sindh and parts of Balochistan.

Explanation