Explanation

• A Judge of the Supreme Court of Pakistan retires at the age of 65 years.
• This retirement age was set by the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (1976).
• Constitutional provision: Article 179 deals with the retirement age of Supreme Court judges.

Additional information:

• High Court judges: The retirement age is 62 years, under Article 195.
• Appointment: Supreme Court judges are appointed by the President in accordance with the Constitution.

Last verified on 13-10-2026

Explanation

Res ipsa loquitur translates literally from Latin as "the thing speaks for itself," signifying that the occurrence of an accident implies negligence.

Explanation

Proposal (Offer) [Sec 2(a) When one person signifies to another their willingness to do or abstain from doing something.

Promise  When the person to whom the proposal is made gives their assent, the proposal becomes a promise

Explanation

• Contract: An agreement enforceable by law. (Section 2(h))

• Agreement: Every promise and every set of promises forming consideration for each other. (Section 2(e))

Explanation

• Voter minimum age: 18 years
• Citizenship: Citizen of Pakistan required
• Electoral requirement: Name included in electoral roll
• Relevant law: Article 51/51A & Election laws of Pakistan

Additional information:

• MNA (National Assembly member): Minimum 25 years
• Senator: Minimum 30 years
• President of Pakistan: Minimum 45 years

Last verified on 24-06-2026

Explanation

• Membership of UN is open to states.
• Only peace-loving states are eligible.
• State must accept obligations of the Charter.
• Must be able and willing to carry out these obligations.
• Admission is decided by UN procedure.

Last updated by NS on 16-April-2026

Explanation

• As per Section 2(11) CPC 1908, the term “Legal Representative” is defined.
• It means a person who represents the estate of a deceased person in law.
• It also includes anyone who interferes with the estate.

Last updated by NS on 16-April-2026

Explanation

• As per Order VI Rule 15(3) CPC 1908, verification is part of pleadings.
• It must be signed by the person making the pleading (party concerned).
• The purpose is to confirm the truthfulness of the statements made.
• It must also mention the date and place of signing.

Last updated on NS-16-April-2026

Explanation

• As per Order IX Rule 14 CPC 1908, procedural safeguards are required before setting aside a decree.
• The court cannot set aside a decree without giving notice to the opposite-party.
• This ensures fair hearing and natural justice principles (audi alteram partem).
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Explanation

• As per Section 2(14) CPC 1908, an Order is a formal expression of a civil court’s decision.
• It is a decision that is not a decree or judgment in final form.
• A decree is a formal expression of adjudication conclusively determining rights.
• An order is generally an interlocutory or procedural decision.