Explanation

• Photorespiration is a process where Rubisco enzyme reacts with O₂ instead of CO₂, reducing photosynthetic efficiency.
• It occurs mainly in C3 plants like wheat, rice, and soybean.
• Leads to loss of energy and fixed carbon in plants.
• More common in hot and dry conditions.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• C4 plants (e.g., maize, sugarcane) perform C4 photosynthesis to minimize photorespiration.
• The first enzyme to fix CO₂ is PEP carboxylase, forming a 4-carbon compound.
• This is different from C3 plants, where Rubisco fixes CO₂ first.
• PEP carboxylase has high affinity for CO₂ and does not react with O₂.
• Important for efficient photosynthesis in hot and dry climates.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Sorghum is a cereal crop grown for food, fodder, and biofuel.
• Its flowers are arranged in a panicle inflorescence, a branched cluster of flowers.
• Panicles help in efficient pollination and seed formation.
• Commonly grown in arid and semi-arid regions.
• Important for human consumption and livestock feed.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Botanically, a fruit develops from the flower and contains seeds.
• Tomato, pumpkin, and melon grow from flowers and have seeds → fruits.
• Potato is an underground stem (tuber), not a fruit.
• It is classified as a vegetable.
• Used mainly as a root/tuber crop.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• The following table provides the botanical names for a variety of familiar plants: 

Rice : Oryza sativa

• Apple : Malus domestica
• Carrot : Daucus carota
• Coconut : Cocos nucifera
• Cucumber : Cucumis sativus
• Ginger : Zingiber officinale
• Mango : Mangifera indica
• Oak tree : Quercus
• Onion : Allium cepa
• Potato : Solanum tuberosum
• Wheat : Triticum aestivum
• Rose : Rosa
• Sunflower : Helianthus annuus
• Tomato : Solanum lycopersicum

Explanation

• Crown gall is a bacterial disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
• It produces tumor-like growths (galls) on roots, stems, and crowns of plants.
• Commonly affects fruit trees, grapes, and ornamental plants.

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• Triticum aestivum is the scientific name of common wheat.
• It is a major staple crop grown worldwide.
• Used for flour, bread, and other food products.
• Cultivated in Rabi season in countries like Pakistan.
• Belongs to the Poaceae (grass) family.

Last verified on 06-02-2026

Explanation

• Deciduous plants shed their leaves during winter or dry seasons.
• Helps reduce water loss and survive harsh conditions.
• Common in temperate regions.
• Leaves usually regrow in spring.
• Important for timber, fruits, and ecological balance.

Last verified on 06-02-2026

Explanation

• Scientific Name: Mangifera indica
  • Common Name: Mango / آم
  • Family: Anacardiaceae
  • Origin: South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh)
  • Major Cultivation: India, Pakistan, Mexico, Philippines, Thailand

Last verified on 05-02-2026

Explanation

• Total Essential Elements: 16
• Macronutrients (9): Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sulfur (S)
• Micronutrients (7): Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Boron (B), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Molybdenum (Mo), Chlorine (Cl)
• Function: Support photosynthesis, protein synthesis, enzyme activity, and overall growth
• Deficiency: Leads to poor growth, chlorosis, stunted development

Last verified on 05-02-2026