Explanation

Uterine prolapse in cattle primarily occurs after difficult or prolonged calving, which weakens pelvic muscles and ligaments.

It often follows straining and trauma during delivery, especially in cases of large calf or twin births.

Explanation

Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), not an H2-receptor antagonist.

Cimetidine and Ranitidine are classic H2-receptor antagonists.

While Fexofenadine is an H1-receptor antagonist (antihistamine).

Explanation

Magnesium sulfate acts as a muscle relaxant by blocking neuromuscular transmission.

It is used clinically to relieve muscle spasms and prevent seizures in certain conditions.

Explanation

Staphylococcus aureus commonly enters the bovine udder during milking through teat canal contamination.

It is a major cause of mastitis in dairy cattle due to its ability to persist in the udder.

Explanation

Milk fever (hypocalcemia) commonly causes paresis (muscle weakness) immediately after calving in buffaloes and cows.

It results from low blood calcium levels due to sudden demand for milk production.

Explanation

Cardiac muscle cells have very limited ability to regenerate after injury, leading to scar tissue formation.

Fibroblasts, renal tubular cells, and hepatocytes have a higher regenerative capacity compared to cardiac muscle.

Explanation

Silent ovulation is when ovulation occurs without visible behavioral signs of estrus in the female.

It often leads to unnoticed breeding cycles, affecting fertility management in animals.

Explanation

Dengue fever is caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted by mosquitoes (arthropods), hence it is an arboviral disease.

It is specifically a viral disease spread by insect vectors.

Explanation

Blackleg is caused by Clostridium chauvoei, a bacterial infection that produces toxins leading to muscle necrosis.

It mainly affects young cattle.

It is characterized by sudden death and gas-filled swelling in muscles.

Explanation

Hemoglobinuria (presence of hemoglobin in urine due to intravascular hemolysis) is seen in:

Piroplasmosis (Babesiosis): Protozoan parasites destroy RBCs.

Bacillary hemoglobinuria (Caused by Clostridium haemolyticum): Toxins induce hemolysis.

Post-parturient hemoglobinuria (Nutritional): Hypophosphatemia leads to RBC fragility.

Exception

Black quarter (Caused by Clostridium chauvoei):

Primarily causes myonecrosis (muscle damage) and edema, not hemolysis or hemoglobinuria.

Key Point:

Black quarter affects muscles, while the others directly or indirectly cause RBC lysis.