Explanation

The perianth is the outer part of the flower, made up of the calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals).

It protects the inner reproductive parts.

It may also help attract pollinators.

Explanation

In most fungi, the nuclei are haploid (n) during the vegetative and asexual stages.

Diploid phase occurs briefly during sexual reproduction, followed by meiosis to restore haploidy.

Explanation

A thallus is a plant body not differentiated into true roots, stems, and leaves.

It is commonly found in algae, fungi, and some bryophytes.

Explanation

Actinopods are protozoans that move using pseudopods, which are temporary projections of their cytoplasm.

These structures help in both locomotion and capturing food (phagocytosis).

Explanation

Chemosynthetic bacteria obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic compounds like ammonia or hydrogen sulfide.

They use this energy to synthesize food, making them autotrophs without relying on sunlight.

Explanation

Sarcina is a bacterial arrangement formed when cocci divide in three perpendicular planes, resulting in a cubical packet of 8 cells.

It is commonly seen in some Gram-positive cocci like Sarcina ventriculi.

Explanation

In the five kingdom classification by Whittaker.

All unicellular prokaryotes like bacteria and cyanobacteria are placed in Kingdom Monera.

These organisms lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, distinguishing them from other kingdoms.

Explanation

The potato (Solanum tuberosum) has 48 chromosomes in its somatic (diploid) cells.

Its diploid number is 2n = 48, which is important for breeding and genetic studies.

Explanation

The cisternae are flattened, spherical or tubular membrane-bound sacs found in the endoplasmic reticulum.

They help in transport and modification of proteins and lipids within the cell.

Explanation

Rudolph Virchow proposed in 1855 that all new cells arise from pre-existing cells (“Omnis cellula e cellula”).

This idea supported the cell theory, challenging the earlier belief in spontaneous generation.