Explanation

Thyroid Hormone Deficiency in Children:

In children, insufficient thyroid hormone (hypothyroidism) leads to cretinism, characterized by:

• Stunted physical growth (short stature).
• Delayed mental development (intellectual disability).

Explanation

Vascular Cryptogams:

Cryptogams are non-flowering, seedless plants (reproduce via spores).

Vascular cryptogams have a vascular system (xylem & phloem) but do not produce seeds or fruits.

Pteridophytes (e.g., ferns, horsetails) fit this description.

Explanation

Water acts as a universal solvent in cells where most biochemical reactions take place.

It facilitates transport, reactions, and temperature regulation in living organisms.

Explanation

The small intestine in humans has three main parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Caecum and appendix are part of the large intestine.

Explanation

In protozoa, holophytic nutrition (photosynthesis-like) is also referred to as holozoic nutrition when they ingest solid food.

But specifically, holophytic is more similar to autotrophic, and in protozoa, holozoic describes ingestion of food.

Explanation

Amphibians can live both in water and on land (e.g., frogs, salamanders).

They typically begin life in water and later adapt to live on land.

Explanation

Diabetes is a condition where blood glucose levels become too high or too low due to insulin problems.

It includes Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes, affecting how the body uses sugar for energy.

Explanation

100 grams of cooked mutton (lean, trimmed) provides approximately 153 calories, depending on fat content.

It is a rich source of protein, along with essential vitamins like B12 and minerals like iron.

Explanation

Interphase is the resting phase where the cell grows, performs normal functions, and prepares for the next division.

It includes three stages: G₁ (growth), S (DNA replication), and G₂ (preparation for mitosis).

Explanation

During respiration, the body uses oxygen to produce energy and releases carbon dioxide as a waste product.

This CO₂ is exhaled through the lungs.