Explanation

Cavitation occurs when local pressure in a liquid drops below its vapor pressure, forming vapor bubbles.

These bubbles collapse violently, potentially damaging pumps, propellers, or turbines.

Explanation

Pelton wheel is an impulse turbine designed for high-head, low-flow water sources.

It efficiently converts kinetic energy of a high-velocity jet into mechanical energy.

Explanation

A Pitot tube measures fluid velocity by comparing total (stagnation) pressure and static pressure.

This difference is used to calculate dynamic pressure and hence flow speed.

Explanation

Navier-Stokes equations describe the motion of viscous fluids under forces.

They are fundamental in fluid mechanics for analyzing velocity and pressure fields.

Explanation

Bernoulli’s equation is based on the principle of conservation of energy for a fluid in motion.

It relates pressure, kinetic, and potential energy along a streamline.

Explanation

A chain link can experience tension, bending, and shear depending on load and motion.

Proper design ensures it can withstand all possible stresses safely.

Explanation

Silica dust affects the lungs, causing silicosis, a respiratory disease.

Other pollutants like Benzene and Lead affect blood and nervous system rather than lungs directly.

Explanation

Temporary hardness is caused by calcium and magnesium carbonates in water.

It can be removed by boiling, which precipitates the carbonates.

Explanation

Calcium in water is not harmful; it contributes to water hardness and is essential for health.

Lead, copper, and mercury are toxic even in small amounts.

Explanation

Geothermal energy comes from the Earth’s internal heat.

It is renewable and inexhaustible on a human timescale.

It is also considered an alternative energy source to fossil fuels.