Explanation

Herodotus is called the Father of History.

Additional information:

• Born: 484 BC, Halicarnassus (modern-day Bodrum, Turkey)
• Died: 425 BC, Thurii, Italy
• Famous Work: Histories – detailed accounts of Greco-Persian Wars
• Contribution: First to collect, verify, and narrate historical events systematically

Last verified on 18-01-2026

Explanation

First Governor: Sir Francis Mudie (15 Aug 1947 – 2 Aug 1949)

Additional information:

• West Punjab Province Duration: 15 August 1947 – 14 October 1955
  • Capital: Lahore
  • Divisions: Lahore, Sargodha, Multan, Rawalpindi

Subsequent Governors:

• • Sardar Abdur Rab Nishtar (2 Aug 1949 – 24 Nov 1951)
  • Ismail Ibrahim Chundrigar (24 Nov 1951 – 2 May 1953)
  • Mian Aminuddin (2 May 1953 – 24 Jun 1954)
  • Habib Ibrahim Rahmatullah (26 Sep 1954 – 26 Nov 1954)
  • Mushtaq Ahmad Gurmani (27 Nov 1954 – 14 Oct 1955)

Last verified on 18-01-2026

Explanation

• The Sui Gas Field, located near Sui in Balochistan Province, Pakistan.
• It was discovered by Pakistan Petroleum Limited in 1952.
• Production of Sui gas began in 1955.
• It remains the largest natural gas field in Pakistan.

Explanation

• ‘Azb’ refers to one of the seven swords of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) used in Ghazwaz of Uhud and Badr.
• Operation Zarb-e-Azb (15 June 2014 – 22 Feb 2017) was launched in North Waziristan, former FATA, Pakistan.
• Operation was led by Army Chief General Raheel Sharif to eliminate terrorist groups.

• Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad followed on 22 Feb 2017, led by General Qamar Javid Bajwa.

Explanation

• The square of standard deviation is called variance.
• Standard deviation measures how much data deviates from the mean.
• Variance helps in understanding data spread or dispersion in statistics.

Additional information:

• Formula: Variance (σ²) = (Standard Deviation)²
• Range = Difference between largest and smallest values.

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

IMF and World Bank were created through the Bretton Woods Institutions 

Agreement signed in 1944.

They are twin intergovernmental pillars supporting the structure of the world's economic and financial order.

World Bank:

World Bank established: July 1944

Members: 189

Headquarters: Washington, USA

IMF:

Founded: 27 December 1945

Headquarters: Washington, USA

Members: 190

Official language: English 

Explanation

The current Ambassador of Pakistan to Afghanistan is Obaid ur Rehman Nizamani.

Appointed in May 2025

LAST UPDATED 13-JANUARY-2026

Explanation

• First Muslim Governor of Punjab: August 1949 – November 1951
• Appointed Governor of Punjab after the dismissal of the Punjab provincial government in 1949.

• Born: 13 June 1899, Peshawar
• Died: 14 February 1958 (aged 58), Karachi

Last Updated on 12-01-2026

Explanation

Marco Polo was a Venetian merchant, explorer, and writer who traveled through Asia along the Silk Road between 1271 and 1295

The famous traveler “Marco Polo” belonged to Italy

Marco Polo  was also nicknamed Milione

Marco Polo was born in 1254 in Venice

Marco Polo  Died: on January 8, 1324, in Venice, Italy

the Italian title of Marco Polo's book was Il libro di Marco Polo detto il Milione, which means "The Book of Marco Polo"

ND10-3-2023

Explanation

Veto power / Permanent members of 'The United Nation Security Council

1.      France has used its veto power sparingly, vetoing 18 resolutions 

2.      Russia has been the most frequent user of the veto. Russia/USSR has used its veto 121 times

3.     China has used the veto 16 times, with the first one

4.      United States has used the veto 82 times

5.      United Kingdom has used the veto 29 times

**

Canada does not yield veto power

Germany has no veto power in the security council of the United Nations

Russia the country used veto power most of the time in UNO Security Council

***

A veto is a legal power to unilaterally stop an official action. In the most typical case, a president or monarch vetoes a bill to stop it from becoming law.