Explanation

P waves (primary waves) are the fastest seismic waves generated during an earthquake.

They travel through solids, liquids, and gases, compressing and expanding the material.

S waves (secondary waves) are slower and can only move through solids.

P waves are the first to be detected by seismographs.

Their higher speed helps in early warning systems for earthquakes.

Explanation

Glucose is mainly synthesized in plants through photosynthesis.

Carbon dioxide provides the carbon atoms needed for glucose formation.

Water (H₂O) provides hydrogen and electrons but does not contribute carbon.

Explanation

During beta-minus (β⁻) decay, a neutron transforms into a proton.

This process emits an electron (β⁻ particle) from the nucleus.

Along with the electron, an antineutrino is also emitted to conserve energy and momentum.

This conversion increases the atomic number of the element by one.

Beta decay is common in unstable isotopes trying to achieve nuclear stability.

Explanation

Shehbaz Sharif was the Prime Minister of Pakistan in December 2025. 

He was re-elected for a second term on March 3, 2024, and continued in office throughout 2025

Explanation

CPEC Phase-II is also called CPEC 2.0.

It focuses on industrialization and Special Economic Zones (SEZs).

Sectoral Focus: The focus has shifted toward industry, agriculture, mining, and IT.

Explanation

The 25th SCO Summit took place from 31 August to 1 September 2025.

It was hosted by China in the city of Tianjin.

It was the largest summit in SCO's history,

It was the fifth time that China hosted the meeting.

Explanation

Raja Faisal Mumtaz Rathore became the became the 16th prime minister of AJK in 2025.

He replaced Chaudhry Anwar-ul-Haq.

He became PM after no-confidence motion against Chaudhry Anwarul Haq succeeded.

He belongs to PPP.

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Updated & verified on 17 Dec 2025 

Explanation

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced Operation Rising Lion,

This happened on 13 June 2025.

Six nuclear scientists were killed

The Iran–Israel war (13 – 24 June 2025), also known as the Twelve-Day War,

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Explanation

• Current IG: Mr. Sultan Ahmad Chaudhry (PSP)
• Organization: National Highways and Motorway Police (NHMP)
• He took office, succeeding B.A. Nasir (who took charge in April 2025)

Last updated 25-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

• India & Iran signed a 10-year deal (May 2024) for Chabahar Port operations.
• India invests ~$370 million.
• Strategic access to Afghanistan & Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan.
• Part of the INSTC trade corridor.
• Chabahar is a port located in Iran.

Last updated 26-07-2026 by NA