Explanation

During Caliph Abu Bakr’s (RA) time, judicial matters were mostly handled personally by the Caliph.

Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA) was later appointed to establish the formal office of Qadi, founding the Islamic judicial system.

Explanation

Shawwal is the 10th month of the Islamic lunar calendar, immediately after Ramadan.

Eid-ul-Fitr is celebrated on the 1st of Shawwal.

List of Islamic Months

1. Muḥarram, محرم الحرام
   
2. Ṣafar, صفر المظفر
3. Rabi al Awwal ربیع الاول
4. Rabi al Sani ربیع الثانی
5. Jumada al Awwal جمادی الاول
6. Jumada al Thani جمادی الثانی
7. Rajab, رجب المرجب
8. Shabanشعبان المعظم
9. Ramadan(fasting), رمضان المبارک
10. Shawwal شوال المکرم
11. Dhu al Qadah ذوالقعدۃ الحرام
12. Dhu al Hijjah ذوالحجۃ الحرام:

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Explanation

Muwatta Malik is arranged by legal (Fiqh) topics, not by chronological order.

It focuses on practical application of Hadith in law and daily life.

Explanation

Abdul Muttalib, the grandfather of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), rebuilt the Kaaba before the Prophet’s mission.

He ensured the proper placement of the Black Stone during reconstruction.

Explanation

• Battle of Yarmouk: Fought between the Byzantine Empire and Muslim forces under Khalid bin Waleed.
• Dates: August 15 to August 20, 636 AD.
• Location: Near the Yarmouk River.
• Caliphate: During the reign of Hazrat Umar (RA).
• Result: Decisive victory for the Muslims, marking the end of Byzantine rule in Syria.

Explanation

Fard Kifayah (Communal Obligation) is a duty that is obligatory on the Muslim community as a whole.

The obligation is fulfilled if a sufficient number of individuals within that community carry it out.

If enough people perform the act, the rest of the community is absolved of the duty.

A prime example is the Salat al-Janaza (funeral prayer).

Once a group of Muslims performs the funeral prayer for the deceased, the obligation is met for the entire community.

Explanation

The Battle of Al-Qadisiyyah (636 AD) was a pivotal confrontation between the forces of the Rashidun Caliphate and the Sasanian Empire.

Led by General Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas, the Muslim army secured a decisive victory over the Persians, who were commanded by the legendary general Rostam Farrokhzad. 

Explanation

• A land Tax imposed on the non-Muslim cultivator and landlords was known as Kharag.
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• Kharāj (Arabic: خراج) is a type of individual Islamic tax on agricultural land and its products, developed under Islamic law. 
• Kharaj was originally a property tax paid only by non-Muslims, but Muslims had to pay a "tithe".
• But finally, the term  Kharaj refers to all taxes paid to Islamic authorities.
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• The list of taxes imposed under Firoz Shah Tughlaq is as follows: Kharaj: land tax which was equal to one-tenth of the produce of the land.
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• Jizyah, historically, a tax paid by certain non-Muslim minorities to rulers in Muslim states.
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Explanation

A Hadith consists of two primary components.

The Matn is the actual body of the text, describing the specific words, actions, or silent approvals of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

It is the core message that conveys the religious or legal guidance.

Explanation

I'jaz al-Qur'an (Arabic: إعجاز القرآن) is an Islamic philosophical and theological concept that refers to the inimitability of the Quran.

It asserts that the Quran's content, style, linguistic beauty, structure, and depth are so unique and perfect that no human or group of humans can ever produce a text like it.

This quality is considered a form of divine miracle, serving as proof of its divine origin and the authenticity of the prophethood of Muhammad.