Explanation

Iron (Fe), Sodium (Na), and Calcium (Ca) are essential minerals required for bodily functions (e.g., hemoglobin, nerve transmission, bone health).

Iodine (I) is a trace element, not classified as a mineral, though it’s vital for thyroid function.

Explanation

Endocardium lines the inner chambers of the heart.

Myocardium is the thick, muscular middle layer responsible for contraction.

Epicardium is the outermost protective layer.

Together, these three layers make up the complete structure of the heart wall.

Explanation

Echinodermata (like starfish, sea urchins) are marine animals and do not include parasites.

In contrast, groups like Nematoda, Platyhelminthes, and Protozoa include many parasitic species.

Explanation

These lines are taken from "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" by Thomas Gray.

The stanza reflects on the unrecognized potential of people buried in a quiet graveyard — possibly capable of greatness but lost to obscurity.

Explanation

These lines are from the poem by G. Allana (Ghulam Ali Allana), a renowned Pakistani poet and writer.

He often explored themes of identity, spirituality, and existentialism in his poetry.

Explanation

The poem "Lines from Endymion" is written by John Keats, a famous Romantic poet.

It begins with the well-known line: "A thing of beauty is a joy forever."

Explanation

The sentence is in past simple tense (did discourage) — passive form becomes was/were + past participle.

So, correct passive structure: "Why were they discouraged by you?"

Explanation

My sister said she walks to school while others go by bus.

The reporting verb is "said" and the sentence expresses a habitual action (present simple).

Present simple tense remains unchanged in indirect speech if the statement expresses a general truth or habit.

Explanation

Raak means امتحانات میں کسی نشان یا گریڈ تک

Grade means امتحانات میں کسی نشان یا گریڈ تک

Explanation

Essential means ایسی چیز جو بہت اہم ہے یا ضروری ہے

Necessary means ایسی چیز جو بہت اہم ہے یا ضروری ہے