Explanation

• An adverse balance of payments occurs when a country's total payments to other countries exceed its total receipts from them over a given period.
• Heavy government expenditure abroad can increase Pakistan's foreign exchange outflows and contribute to a balance-of-payments deficit.
• Other contributing factors may include high imports, low exports, foreign debt repayments, and limited foreign investment.

Last verified on 13-10-2026

Explanation

• Pakistan Air Force Day (PAF) is celebrated on 7 September every year.
• Due to honor the achievements and sacrifices of the PAF in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.
• It is observed one day after Defence Day.

Additional information:

• 6 September: Defence Day (commemorates Pakistan Army’s role in 1965 war)
• 8 September: Navy Day (commemorates Pakistan Navy services)

Last verified on 13-10-2026

Explanation

• The Theory of Relativity was proposed by Albert Einstein.
• It was introduced in the early 20th century.
• It includes Special Relativity (1905) and General Relativity (1915).
• The theory explains the relationship between space, time, and gravity.

Last verified on 02-04-2026

Explanation

President Ayub Khan promulgated the Constitution of 1962 on 1 March 1962

It finally came into effect on 8 June 1962

In 1962 constitution:

• The presidential government system was introduced 
• Urdu and Bengali was Declared as the Official Language 

Iskandar Ali Mirza, the first president of Pakistan abrogated the constitution of 1956 

Ayoub Khan was made chief of martial law after this abrogation

Ayoub Khan enforced the new constitution on 8th June 1962

Yahiya Khan abrogated the 1962 constitution and became CMLA

Explanation

• World Health Day is observed on 7th April every year.
• Theme 2025: Healthier beginnings, hopeful futures
• Theme 2026: Together for health. Stand with science

Additional information: 

• World Health Organization (WHO) was founded on 7 April 1948.
• WHO has its headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland.

Last verified on 12-10-2026

Explanation

• The Khilafat Movement was mainly led by the Ali Brothers (Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar and Shaukat Ali)
• It was started in 1919 AD in the Indian Subcontinent.
• It aimed to protect the Ottoman Caliphate after World War I.
• The movement lasted from 1919 to 1924 AD and ended after the abolition of the Caliphate.

Last verified on 21-04-2026

Explanation

• UNO Headquarters: Manhattan, New York City.

Additional information:

• UNO Stands for: United Nations Organization
• Founded: 24 October 1945 (after World War II 1939–1945)
• Member States: 193 countries
• Official Languages (6): Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish
• Motto: “It’s your world!” (commonly used awareness slogan)
• Pakistan Joined UNO: 30 September 1947

Last verified on 10-06-2026

Explanation

• Simon Commission was a group of seven members of the British Parliament
• Under the chairmanship of John Simon.
• Indian Statutory Commission, also known as the Simon Commission, 
• Rejected by the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League
• Appointed in 1928
• Opposed by both Jinnah & Gandhi

Additional information:

• One of its members was Clement Attlee, who would later become the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1945–1951).

Last updated by NA on 16-07-2026

Explanation

• The Lahore Resolution was passed on 23 March 1940 at Minto Park, Lahore.
• Presented by A. K. Fazlul Huq
• Prepared text by Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
• It demanded separate states for Muslims of the subcontinent.
• It is also called the Pakistan Resolution.

Additional information:

Key Participants (by region)

1. Punjab → Zafar Ali Khan
2. Sindh → Sir Abdullah Haroon
3. Bengal → A.K. Fazlul Huq
4. KPK → Sardar Aurangzeb Khan
5. United Provinces → Khalid Zaman

Last verified 04-05-2026

Explanation

• Members of the Senate of Pakistan serve a 6-year term.
• One-half of the Senators retire every 3 years, ensuring continuity in the Senate.

Additional information:

Last verified on 02-07-2026