Explanation

An integrated circuit is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece  of semiconductor material, usually silicon.

Large numbers of tiny MOSFETs  integrate into a small chip. 

First generation (1940 - 1956)  vacuum tubes as a major piece of technology.

 The ENIAC is  example of 1st generation computer.

Second generation (1956 - 1963) use of transistors.

Third generation (1964 - 1971)  use of Integrated circuits.

Fourth generation (1972 - 2010) use of the microprocessor

Fifth generation (2010 to present) use Artificial intelligence

Explanation

Karakar pass is located in: Hindu Kush, KPK

 Important Passes of Pakistan

1. Khyber Pass 

connects: Peshawar to Kabul

connects: Pakistan to Afghanistan

Height 1070 meters, 3510 feet 

2. Bolan Pass 

Connects: JCB and Sibi with Quetta 

Height: 1793 meters, 5884 feet 

3. Lowari Pass 

Connects: Chitral with Dir 

Height: 3118 meters, 10230 feet 

4. Broghil Pass 

Location: Pakistan & Afghanistan border 

Height: 3798 meters, 12460 feet 

5. Malakand Pass 

Connects: Dir with Chitral 

Height: 1362 meters, 4468 feet 

6. Shandur pass

Connects: Gupis/Gilgit with Chitral 

Height: 3700 meters, 12139 feet 

7. Khanjerab Pass (top most in Pakistan) 

Other name: Friendship Gate

Connects: China with Pakistan 

Height: 4693 meters, 15397 feet 

8. Dorah pass

Connects: Badakhshan province of Afghanistan with Chitral 

Height: 4300 meters, 14108 feet 

9. Babusar Pass 

Connects: Mansehra/Abbotabad with Gilgit

10. Kohat Pass

Connects: Kohat with Peshawar 

11. Khojak Pass

Connects: Qilla Abdullah with Chaman

12. Tochi Pass

Connects: Ghazni with Bannu

13. Karakar Pass

Connects: Mingora with Buner 

**********

Explanation

"To have a bee in one's bonnet" means to be preoccupied or obsessed with a particular idea or issue.

It often to the point of distraction.

Explanation

Stainless steel is a alloys that contain a minimum of approximately 11% chromium, a composition that prevents the iron from rusting and also provides heat-resistant properties.

Explanation

Lithotripsy uses sound wave to breakup large kidney stones into smaller pieces.

Lithotripsy is a procedure involving the physical destruction of hardened masses

like kidney stones, bezoars or gallstones, which may be done non invasively.

The term is derived from the Greek words meaning "breaking stones".

Explanation

Yasser Arafat (4 or 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), also popularly known by his kunya Abu Ammar.

He was a Palestinian political leader.

He was chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from 1969 to 2004.

He was President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) from 1994 to 2004.

Explanation

Tarbela Dam is located in the Haripur district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

It is the largest  built over the River Indus

It is 485 feet (148 m) high above the Indus riverbed.

it is the largest earth-filled dam in the world

It is construction began in 1968

it was Completed in 1976

Explanation

Jang is the famous Pakistani newspaper that also publishes from the UK.

It is one of Pakistan's largest Urdu-language newspapers with international editions.

Explanation

 The default spacing is 1.15 lines, which gives you a bit more room between lines and 10 points of spacing after each paragraph for better readability

Remove paragraph formatting.                 Ctrl+Q

Apply single spacing to the paragraph. Ctrl+1

Apply double spacing to the paragraph. Ctrl+2

Apply 1.5-line spacing to the paragraph. Ctrl+5

ND1-5-2023

Explanation

• Surah An-Nisa (Chapter 4) of the Holy Quran contains regulations for various aspects of life, including the treatment of prisoners of war (Verse 4:76).
• It emphasizes treating prisoners with kindness and respect, and provides guidance on their release and ransom.
• This Surah also focuses on social justice, women's rights, and compassion.
• Quran 76:8 supports the position that prisoners must be fed in a dignified manner and not forced to beg.