Explanation

• H. J. Muller was the first scientist to induce mutations using X-rays in fruit flies (Drosophila).
• His groundbreaking experiments were conducted in 1927.
• He demonstrated that X-rays can cause genetic changes (mutations).
• This discovery greatly advanced the field of genetics.

Last verified on 04-06-2026

Explanation

• Cell specialization (differentiation) occurs when cells perform specific functions.
• Specialized cells have the same DNA but use different genes.
• Different genes are turned on or off according to the cell's role.
• This process allows the formation of tissues and organs.

Last verified on 04-06-2026

Explanation

• A Barr body is a densely staining structure found in the nuclei of female somatic cells.
• It represents an inactive X chromosome.
• It is visible during the interphase stage of the cell cycle.
• It helps in dosage compensation between males and females.

Last verified on 04-06-2026

Explanation

Explanation

Explanation

• Vitamin A deficiency → Night blindness (Nyctalopia)
• Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function.

Additional information:

• Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting.
• Vitamin D helps in calcium absorption and bone mineralization.
• Vitamin B1 supports nerve function and energy metabolism.

Last verified on 01-02-2026

Explanation

Explanation

• Omnivores are animals that eat both plants and animals.
• They have adaptations that allow them to digest and extract nutrients from a wide variety of food sources, including fruits, leaves, insects, small animals, and even carrion.
• Examples of omnivores include humans, bears, pigs, chimpanzees, and raccoons.

Explanation

Human blood is red because hemoglobin.

It is carried in the blood and functions to transport oxygen.

It is iron-rich and red in color.

Octopuses and horseshoe crabs have blue blood.

This is because the protein transporting oxygen in their blood, hemocyanin, is actually blue.

Explanation