Explanation

• The chemical name of chalk is Calcium carbonate.
• Its chemical formula is CaCO₃.
• It is a soft, white mineral.
• Commonly used in blackboard chalk and limestone.
• Found naturally in rocks and marine shells.

Last verified on 30-04-2026

Explanation

• Double landlocked means a land-locked country that is also surrounded by landlocked neighboring countries.
• Uzbekistan is bordered by Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan.
• Liechtenstein bordered by Austria and Switzerland.

Last verified on 09-03-2026

Explanation

Nishan e Haider has been given 11 soldiers since Pakistan's independence in 1947.

1. Captain Muhammad Sarwar (1948)
2. Sardar Muhammad Hussain Khan (1948)
3. Major Tufail Muhammad (1958)
4. Major Aziz Bhatti (1965)
5. Major Rafiq Bokhari (1971)
6. Lieutenant Colonel Abdul Hafeez (1971)
7. Lance Naik Muhammad Mahfuz (1971)
8. Naik Saif Ali Janjua (1971)
9. Major Shabbir Sharif (1971)
10. Captain Karnal Sher Khan (1999)
11. Lance Naik Muhammad Imran (1999)

Explanation

The outermost layer of the Sun is called the corona.

It is the Sun's outer atmosphere, extending millions of kilometers into space and visible during a total solar eclipse.

The innermost layer is the core, where nuclear fusion occurs.

Explanation

• Pakistan’s continental shelf officially extends up to 350 nautical miles from its baseline.
• A continental shelf is the extended perimeter of a country’s land under the sea.

Additional information:

• Pakistan submitted its extended shelf claim to the UN in 2015.
• The EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) limit is 200 NM, but the continental shelf can extend further.

Last verified on 15-01-2026

Explanation

• Nature of Disease: Chronic and progressive
• Main Causes: Hepatitis B & C, alcohol abuse, fatty liver disease
• Effect: Scarring (fibrosis) reduces liver efficiency

Explanation

Steel is more elastic than rubber because the ratio of stress to strain is more for steel.

This indicates that steel deforms less under the same amount of stress compared to rubber, making it more elastic.

Explanation

Of the eleven Nishan-e-Haider recipients to date, four have been from the Punjab Regiment.

1. Raja Muhammad Sarwar Bhatti

2. Major Tufail Mohammad

3. Major Raja Aziz Bhatti

4. Naik Muhammad Mahfuz

Explanation

Red light rays have the lowest frequency and highest wavelength value.

Blue or violet light has the shortest wavelength.

Explanation

• Ozone gas is a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms, with the chemical formula O3.
• This is different from ordinary oxygen, which has the chemical formula O2.