Explanation

• Operation Radd-ul-Fasaad means “Elimination of Strife (جھگڑے کا خاتمہ)”.
• It was launched on 22 February 2017 in Pakistan.
• The operation was initiated under Qamar Javed Bajwa.
• Its main aim was to eliminate terrorism and ensure lasting peace.
• It is a nationwide security operation.

Last verified on 20-04-2026

Explanation

• He said that Honesty is the best policy.
• This sentence expresses a universal truth.
• In indirect speech, universal truths do not change tense.
• Only quotation marks are removed and “that” is added.
• The meaning remains exactly the same.

Last verified on 20-04-2026

Explanation

• Transparency International is based/headquarters in Berlin Germany.
• It is a German registered association.
• Founders: Peter Eigen, Olusegun Obasanjo
• Founded: May 4, 1993

Last verified on 17-03-2026

Explanation

• DOS stands for Disk Operating System.
• It is an early type of computer operating system used to manage files and programs.
• It works through text-based commands (command line).
• A famous example is MS-DOS used in early PCs. 
• Dennis Ritchie is the father of MS-DOS.
• It was developed in 1982.

Last verified on 19-04-2026

Explanation

Mark Rutte is the current Secretary General of NATO since October 2024

He has also served as the prime minister of Netherlands.

He replaced Jens Stoltenberg to become NATO Secretary General.

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VU FIA UDC CONSTABLE PAST PAPER 31-12-2021

Verified and updated on 05 April 2026

Explanation

• Beginning of revelation: 22 December 609 CE
• Prophet’s age at start: 40 years
• Completion of revelation: 632 CE (year of his death)
• Total years of revelation: ~23 years

Additional information:

• The Holy Quran was revealed to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
• First word revealed: “Iqra” (Read).
• First 5 verses of Surah Al-Alaq were revealed in Ghar-e-Hira.
• Last revealed Surah: Surah An-Nasr.
• Revelation was oral, through Archangel Gabriel (Jibril).

 Last updated NA 12-04-2026

Explanation

• Spreadsheet software is used for calculations and data organization.
• MS Excel is a widely used spreadsheet program.
• It works with rows, columns, and formulas.

Last verified on 11-04-2026

Explanation

• Solids → fastest sound speed
• Liquids → medium speed
• Gases → slowest speed

Steel is more elastic and dense.

• Steel ≈ 5000 m/s
• Air ≈ 332 m/s
• Water ≈ 1500 m/s

Last verified on 11-04-2026

Explanation

• The Indus Waters Treaty was signed on September 19, 1960, in Karachi.
• It was signed between Pakistan (President Ayub Khan) and India (Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru).
• It was brokered by the World Bank.

It became effective on April 1, 1960.

• Western Rivers (given to Pakistan): Indus, Jhelum, Chenab
• Eastern Rivers (given to India): Ravi, Beas, Sutlej

Last verified on 30-03-2026

Explanation