Explanation

• Ada Lovelace — first computer programmer
• 1843: Published the first machine algorithm in her notes on Babbage's Analytical Engine

Additional information:

• English mathematician and writer
• Full name: Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace
• Daughter of poet Lord Byron
• She lived from 1815 to 1852.

Last updated NA on 10-09-2026

Explanation

• Second-generation computers used transistors instead of vacuum tubes.
•  Shockley and Walter H. Brattain are known as the fathers of the second generation of computers. 
• Main period: 1956–1963.

Explanation

• Jabir ibn Hayyan, known as the "father of chemistry."
• He was an Arab Chemist.
• Composition of Alchemy was written by Jabir Bin Hayyan.

Notable ideas:

• Use of organic substances in chemistry
• Sulfur-mercury theory of metals
• Science of the balance
• Science of artificial generation

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• Penicillin, the first true antibiotic, was discovered by Alexander Fleming.
• He made this discovery in 1928 at St. Mary’s Hospital, London.
• He found that a mould (Penicillium) killed bacteria in culture dishes.
• His findings were officially published in 1929.
• First patient treated: Albert Alexander (12 February 1941)

Last verified on 01-06-2026

Explanation

• Discoverer: Alexander Fleming
• Year of discovery: 1928
• Place: St. Mary's Hospital, London
• First patient treated with penicillin: Albert Alexander
• Date of first treatment: 12 February 1941

Last verified on 01-07-2026