Explanation

• Flexibility is the ratio of the change in outlet discharge to the change in parent channel discharge.
• It indicates how well an outlet responds to variations in the parent channel flow.
• Flexibility is an important parameter in irrigation outlet design.
• A flexible outlet provides more uniform water distribution.
• It helps maintain proper irrigation supply.

Last verified on 04-08-2026

Explanation

• The chemical formula of alum (aluminium sulfate) is Al₂(SO₄)₃.
• Alum is widely used in water purification as a coagulant.
• It helps in the formation of flocs by combining suspended particles.
• It is also used in paper manufacturing and textile industries.
• Alum is an aluminium salt of sulfuric acid.

Last verified on 04-08-2026

Explanation

• The vertical members of scaffolding are called Standards.
• Standards are the main upright supports of a scaffold.
• They transfer the load of the platform and workers to the ground.

Additional information:

• Ledgers are horizontal members connecting standards.
• Braces provide diagonal stability to the scaffold.

Last verified on 08-04-2026

Explanation

• Grey is obtained using Raw Umber in paint mixtures.
• Raw umber is a natural earth pigment containing iron oxide and manganese.
• It is used to reduce brightness and create muted, earthy shades.
• Mixing raw umber with white can produce greyish-brown or neutral grey tones.
• It is commonly used in artistic and decorative painting.

Last verified on 04-08-2026

Explanation

• A Grillage Foundation is a special type of isolated footing.
• It is used for heavily loaded steel structures.
• It is suitable where the bearing capacity of the soil is poor.
• It spreads heavy column loads over a larger area.
• Grillage foundations are commonly used for steel columns and industrial structures.

Last verified on 04-08-2026