Explanation

• The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) was a militant separatist organization that sought to establish an independent Tamil state (Tamil Eelam) in northern and eastern Sri Lanka.
• Founded: 1976
• Founder: Velupillai Prabhakaran
• Civil War Period: 1983–2009
• Conflict Ended: 2009

Last verified on 27-07-2026

Explanation

• Renamed: Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) in 1985
• Purpose: Economic, technical, and cultural cooperation
• RCD: Regional Cooperation for Development
• Founded by: Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey
• ECO Headquarters: Tehran, Iran
• Established: 21 July 1964
• RCD dissolved: 1979

Explanation

• On 9 June, 2017 India and Pakistan became full members of the SCO.
• Full Form: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
• Founded: 15 June 2001
• Headquarters: Beijing, China
• Founder Members (2001): China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
• Purpose: Regional security, economic cooperation, counter-terrorism, and cultural cooperation

Additional information:

Current SCO Member States (10):

1. China
2. Russia
3. Kazakhstan
4. Kyrgyzstan
5. Tajikistan
6. Uzbekistan
7. India (Joined: 9 June 2017)
8. Pakistan (Joined: 9 June 2017)
9. Iran (Joined: 4 July 2023)
10. Belarus (Joined: 4 July 2024)

Last verified on 26-07-2026

Explanation

Current SCO Member States (10):

1. China
2. Russia
3. Kazakhstan
4. Kyrgyzstan
5. Tajikistan
6. Uzbekistan
7. India (Joined: 9 June 2017)
8. Pakistan (Joined: 9 June 2017)
9. Iran (Joined: 4 July 2023)
10. Belarus (Joined: 4 July 2024)

Additional information:

• Full Form: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
• Founded: 15 June 2001
• Headquarters: Beijing, China
• Founder Members (2001): China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
• Purpose: Regional security, economic cooperation, counter-terrorism, and cultural cooperation

Last verified on 20-07-2026

Explanation

• According to UNESCO's 2025 survey, 75% of women journalists experienced online violence while doing their jobs.
• This increased from 73% reported in UNESCO's 2020 survey.
• UNESCO warns that online abuse is increasingly leading to real-world harm.

Additional information:

• 2025: 42% linked online abuse to offline harassment or assault.
• 2020: 20% linked online attacks to offline harm.
• 2025: 19% of surveyed women journalists experienced AI-assisted online violence.

Last verified on 26-07-2026