Explanation

• Under the TPNW (2017), a state hosting nuclear weapons must withdraw and eliminate them through a legally binding, time-bound plan.
• Treaty: Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW)
• Adopted: 2017 (UN General Assembly)
• Effective: 2021
• Core obligation: Total prohibition of nuclear weapons

Last verified on 15-06-2026

Explanation

• The Arctic Council explicitly excludes military security matters from its mandate.
• Founded: 1996
• Founding document: Ottawa Declaration
• Members: 8 Arctic states (USA, Canada, Russia, etc.)

Main focus areas:

1. Environmental protection
2. Sustainable development
3. Indigenous peoples’ rights and cooperation

Last verified on 15-06-2026

Explanation

• In 2024, Ethiopia and Egypt, both located in Africa, were members of BRICS.
• Nigeria and Uganda became partner countries of the grouping in 2025.

Additional information:

• BRICS founded: June 2009

BRICS member countries:

1. Brazil
2. Russia
3. India
4. China
5. South Africa
6. Egypt
7. Ethiopia
8. Iran
9. Saudi Arabia
10. The United Arab Emirates 

BRICS headquarters: Shanghai, China

BRICS first conference hosted by: Russia (2009)

Last verified on 15-06-2026

Explanation

• The League of Nations failed primarily because the United States never joined it.
• The absence of the U.S. weakened its authority and global influence.
• Founded: 1919
• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
• Founder initiative: Woodrow Wilson (USA President)
• Main purpose: Maintain international peace and prevent wars

Last verified on 15-06-2026

Explanation

• World Health Organization (WHO) HQ: Geneva
• WHO founded: 7 April 1948
• WHO members: 194
• World Health Day: 7 April

Last verified on 08-02-2026