Explanation

• Ammonia (NH₃) reacts with nitric acid (HNO₃) to form ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃).
• This is an acid-base neutralization reaction.
• Ammonia acts as a base and nitric acid acts as an acid.
• The product is a white crystalline salt used as fertilizer.

Last verified on 17-06-2026

Explanation

• Vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅) is used as a catalyst to convert SO₂ into SO₃.
• This reaction occurs in the Contact Process for manufacturing sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).
• Sulfur dioxide is oxidized by oxygen to form sulfur trioxide.
• The catalyst increases the reaction rate without being consumed.

Last verified on 17-06-2026

Explanation

Ammonia reacts with carbon dioxide to form urea.

• 2NH₃ + CO₂ → NH₂COONH₄ → CO(NH₂)₂ + H₂O
• Product: Urea [CO(NH₂)₂]

Urea contains about 46% nitrogen.

• The industrial production of urea was developed by Friedrich Wöhler.

Last verified on 17-06-2026

Explanation

• Black Gold: Petroleum (Crude Oil)
• Color: Dark black / brownish black
• Main Uses: Fuel, petrol, diesel, kerosene, plastics
• Importance: Backbone of modern industry and transport

Additional information:

• Top Oil-Producing Countries:
  1. Saudi Arabia
  2. USA
  3. Russia
  4. Iraq
  5. Iran

Last verified on 16-06-2026

Explanation

• The instrument used to measure temperature is called a thermometer.
• A thermometer shows how hot or cold an object or place is.

Additional information:

• Barometer measures air pressure.
• Hygrometer measures humidity (moisture in air).

Last verified on 16-06-2026