Explanation

• A Barometer is an instrument used to measure air (atmospheric) pressure.
• It helps in weather forecasting by measuring changes in atmospheric pressure.
• The mercury barometer is the oldest type of barometer.
• It was invented by Evangelista Torricelli in 1643.
• Barometers are widely used in meteorology and aviation.

Last verified on 09-07-2026

Explanation

• Smallest bone: Stapes.
• Location: Middle ear.
• Three ear bones: Malleus, Incus, Stapes.

Additional information:

• Longest bone: Femur (thigh bone).
• Adult human skeleton: Usually 206 bones.
• Newborn: About 300 bones at birth; many later fuse together.
• Human skull: 22 bones (8 cranial + 14 facial)

Last verified on 03-09-2026

Explanation

• Diffusion is the natural movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration without external force.
• It occurs in gases, liquids, and even solids to some extent.

Last verified on 14-10-2026

Explanation

• Mitochondria are called the powerhouse of the cell.
• Because they produce Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).
• ATP is the energy currency of the cell.
• ATP provides energy for different cellular activities such as movement, growth, and transport.
• Energy is produced through aerobic cellular respiration using oxygen and الغذائی molecules.
• They are found in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells.
• Richard Altmann first described mitochondria in 1890.

Main Parts of a Cell:

1. Cell membrane → Outer protective layer
2. Nucleus → Controls cell activities
3. Cytoplasm → Jelly-like material between membrane and nucleus

Last verified on 09-05-2026

Explanation

• Genetics: Study of heredity and variation in organisms.
• An Austrian monk who experimented with pea plants in the 19th century is known as the "Father of Modern Genetics"

Additional information

• Ecology: Study of organisms and their environment.
• Anatomy: Study of the structure of organisms.
• Evolution: Study of how living organisms change over generations.