Explanation

• Hazrat Ali (R.A) ruled as Caliph for about 4 years and 9 months (656–661 CE).
• His caliphate began in 35 AH (656 CE) after the martyrdom of Hazrat Uthman (R.A).
• It ended in 40 AH (661 CE) with his martyrdom in Kufa.

Last verified on 10-06-2026

Explanation

• Hazrat Umar (RA) belonged to the Banu Adi clan of Quraysh.
• He was the second Caliph of Islam.
• His caliphate lasted from 634 CE to 644 CE.
• He succeeded Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA).

Last verified on 26-04-2026

Explanation

• Battle of Yarmouk: Fought between the Byzantine Empire and Muslim forces under Khalid bin Waleed.
• Dates: August 15 to August 20, 636 AD.
• Location: Near the Yarmouk River.
• Caliphate: During the reign of Hazrat Umar (RA).
• Result: Decisive victory for the Muslims, marking the end of Byzantine rule in Syria.

Last verified on 27-04-2026

Explanation

• The Al-Hudaibiyah Treaty was signed in 6 AH for 10 years.
  
• It was scribed by Ali ibn Abi Talib (R.A).
• Hudaibiyah is the name of tree.
• It is referred to as "Fatah Al-Mubeen" (the clear victory) in Surah Al-Fatah.
• It was a pivotal agreement between Muhammad SAW representing Medina and the Qurayshi tribe of Mecca.
• Suhail bin Amr signed on behalf of Mecca.
• It contained 7 clauses.

Last verified on 01-04-2026

Explanation

• Hazrat Umar (RA) organized and strengthened the consultative system of governance known as Majlis-e-Shoora.
• He used it for important state decisions, justice, and administration.

Additional information:

• Second Caliph of Islam
• Established Bait-ul-Maal system
• Introduced judicial reforms
• Divided empire into provinces

Last verified on 31-05-2026