Explanation

• Departments established: Finance (Bait-ul-Mal), Education, Police system (Shurta)
• Caliphate period: 634–644 AD
• 2nd Caliph of Islam: Hazrat Umar (RA)
• Key system: Bait-ul-Mal (Public Treasury)
• Governance style: Strong administrative reforms

Last verified on 27-04-2026

Explanation

• Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA) established the system of Bait-ul-Mal.
• He appointed Abdullah ibn Masud (RA) as its custodian.
• Bait-ul-Mal means the House of Wealth / Public Treasury.
• It was used to manage Islamic state finances.
• This system ensured fair distribution of resources.

Last verified on 27-04-2026

Explanation

• Umar ibn al-Khattab (RA) declared the Nile River as Sayed ul Anhar (Chief of Rivers).
• This happened during his caliphate (634–644 AD).
• The Nile River was highly valued for its importance to Egypt.
• Length of Nile River: ~6650 km
• Origin: Lake Victoria (East-Central Africa)

Last verified on 27-04-2026

Explanation

Explanation

• The keys of Jerusalem were handed over to Hazrat Umar (RA).
• This event happened after the peaceful conquest of the city in 16 AH (637 AD).
• The city surrendered without major bloodshed.
• Hazrat Umar (RA) personally traveled to accept the keys.

Last verified on 26-04-2026